Week 10 Flashcards
With regards to the periodic table, what are ceramics?
metal-oxygen elements bonded via ionic bonds
ceramics
What structure does the metals and oxygen form in a ceramic material?
3D crystalline lattice
What are the 4 applications of ceramics?
- dental implants
- bone graft substitutes
- bone cements
- orthopedic load bearing coatings
What are 6 applications of dental ceramics?
What are the 5 general characteristics of ceramics?
What are the 3 advantages of ceramics?
- biocompatibility
- high wear resistance
- light weight
What are the 3 disadvantages of ceramics?
- low tensile strength
- low toughness
- difficult to fabricate
What two things describe amorphous ceramics?
- atoms exhibit short-range order
- no distinct melting temperature
What two things describe crystalline ceramics?
- atoms arranged in a regularly repeated array (long-range order)
- high melting points, strong, hard, brittle, good corrosion resistance
What are the 3 ways to classify ceramics?
- composition (oxides vs. no-oxides)
- degree of crystal/amorphous phase
- reactivity with body/biological processes
Describe 4 properties of oxides
Describe 4 properties of non-oxides
Alumina, Zirconia, and Beryllium are types of
oxidies
Nitrides, carbides, and borides are types of
non-oxides
Describe the 3 classifications based on reactivity and give an example for each
Describe the 4 classifications based on phases
What are the 4 properties of ceramics?
- mechanical properties
- thermal properties
- optical properties
- biological properties
What are the 3 mechanical properties of ceramics?
Compare ceramics, metals and polymers
What is the biocompatibility of ceramics?
- ceramics are biocompatible (mineral adverse effects on biological tissues)
- some loss of mass occurs (corrosion) during service
What are some examples of ceramics?
This material is commonly used for windows, drinking glasses, bottles, ocular prostheses, and sensors
silicate glass (SiO2)
What is silicate glass composed of?
silica (SiO2) –> silicon dioxide
One of the most abundant oxides in the earth’s crust
silicon dioxide
What are the 3 crystalline forms of SiO2?
What are the 2 amorphous forms of SiO2? What are 3 characteristics of amorphous SiO2?
Describe the thermal expansion of various forms of silica
What are 5 other names for alumina or aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
- aluminum oxides
- corundum
- sapphire
- ruby
- aloxite
When are alumina or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) commonly used?
- orthopaedics (hip and knee prostheses)
- dentistry (porcelain crowns)
What are three characteristics of alumina/aluminum dioxide (Al2O3)?
- bioinert
- biocompatible
- excellent wear resistance
True or false: Al2O3 is insoluble in water and organic liquids
True
What are 3 applications of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)?
Where are calcium phosphates (CaP) naturally found?
body and rocks
- bone
- dentin and enamel
- calcification of arteries
What are the 6 different forms of natural CaP?
What are the most commonly CaP phases used in biomedical applications?
What is the most commonly known crystalline CaP biomaterial? Where is it found?
What are the 4 features of HAp?
What are three different biomedical applications of CaP?
process by which osteogenesis is induced and recruitment of immature cells
induction
bone grows on a surface (implants)
conduction
stable and anchorage of an implant achieved by direct bone-to-implant contact
integration
What is bioactive glass designed to do?
bond of glass to teeth/bone
Bioactive glass is approved by the FDA and is called
bioglass
What type of system is used in bioactive glass?
silicate-glass (glass-ceramic) based system
What are the two formulations of bioactive glass?
What is the bioactive glass reaction?
Use this diagram to describe the bioactive glass reaction
What are the two most common commercial bioglasses?
What are the 7 applications of bioactive glasses?
