Week 10

Question 1

Layers in the primary motor cortex (Cerebal Cortex)

Answer 1

Laminae V - muscle control , thickest in motor cortex

Question 2

Layers in the primary sensory cortex

Answer 2

Lamiane IV - relates to senses, thickest in sensory cortex

Question 3

How are laminates stacked ?

Answer 3

In columns , arranged by similar functions
Macro-columns = general functions
Micro-columns = more specific functions

Question 4

How is the cortex divided into many sub-regions?

Answer 4

• Through the thickness of the laminae and structure of cells within
• Broadmann’s Brain Map
• Structures related to brain function and behaviour

Question 5

Key functions in the Occipital Lobes (Back)

Answer 5

• Vision ; visual cortex located
• Main target for axons , thalami’s nuclei concerned with vision
• Destruction of any part of visual cortex = blindness

Question 6

Key features in the parietal lobes

Answer 6

• Sensation and perception
• Damage results in sensory neglect (ignore one side) , deficits

Question 7

Features of the somatosensory cortex

Answer 7

• correspond with senses on different part of the body
• each body part is drawn in proportion to its representative receiving of sensory impulse

Question 8

Features of the temporal lobes

Answer 8

1 = MEMORY : hippocampus , H.M (anterograde amnesia , unable to form new memories)
2= EMOTION AND MOOD: amygdala responds to emotional stimuli , damage leads to inability to responds appropriately to stimuli and recognise emotions
3= AUDITORY / VISUAL PERCEPTION: Wernicke’s area (can’t understand words) , damage leads to wenicke’s aphasia

Question 9

Features of the Frontal Lobe

Answer 9

1= Primary motor cortex
2= Premotor cortex
3= Frontal cortex - prefrontal cortex
4= Broaca’s area
- Acts as control centre for imput

Question 10

Features of Broca’s area

Answer 10

• Specific region on left hemisphere of frontal cortex
• Lost ability to speak fluently but still understand speech = Broca’s aphasia

Question 11

Features of the motor cortex

Answer 11

• Divided into section , each responsible for movement of different body areas (through neuronal connections)

Question 12

Functions of the frontal cortex

Answer 12

• Higher order processing
• eg. Planning , monitoring emotions , working memory
  (Case study of Phineas Gage)

Question 13

Explain the binding problem

Answer 13

• Damage to parietal loves = inability to bring perceptions together
• Sections responsible for integration information into a coherent world (still a bit of a mystery)

Question 14

Intentional Damage to the PFC

Answer 14

• eg. prefrontal lobotomies can be applied to humans with a range of psychiatric problems (calmed down anger in animals)
• Case Study = Howard Dully , had a frontal lobotomy , struggled with higher order functioning , became homeless and alcoholic
• Calmed people down but had lots of side effects (personality change , loss of social inhibitions and problems with working memory )