Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 356 > Week 10/11 Health & Wellness/Stress & Adaptation, Loss & Grief, Dying & Death/legal and ethical and integrative > Flashcards

Week 10/11 Health & Wellness/Stress & Adaptation, Loss & Grief, Dying & Death/legal and ethical and integrative Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 models of health and illness

A

health belief, health promotion, mallows hierarchy of needs, holistic health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the health belief model?

A

Rosenstoch (1974) and Becker/maiman (1975)

based on relationship between individuals beliefs and behaviors.

examines and aids in understanding factors that influence patient perception/belief/behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the health promotion model?

A

proposed by pender 1982

designed to complement health protection, and defines health as a “positive, dynamic state, not merely the absence of disease”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is maslows hierarchy of needs?

A

although each person has individual needs, humans all have the same basic needs, and some needs are more basic than others and need to be met first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the correct order of maslows needs? (love and belonging, safety/security, self actualization, physiologic needs, self esteem

A

most basic

physiological= breathing, food/water, shelter, sleep
safety/security= health, employment, property, family, social stability
love and belonging= friendship, family, intimacy, connection
self esteem= confidence, achievement, respect of others
self actualization=

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is true of holistic health models?

A

consider emotional and spiritual well being as important aspects of physical health and wellness

recognizes natural abilities of the body and incorporates alternative and complementary modes of healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what internal variables can influence health, health beliefs, and health practices?

A

development stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, emotional factors, spiritual factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what external variablescan influence health, health beliefs, and health practices?

A

family practices, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors, cultural background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is primordial prevention?

A

eliminating risk factors (discouraging development of habits such as smoking or other negative ones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 4 levels of prevention?

A

primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is primary prevention?

A

health promotion.
stop it before it even occurs

education, providing resources, hygiene, immunizations, screenings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is secondary prevention?

A

early diagnosis and treatment
Secondary prevention aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred.

screening, selective exams to cure or prevent disease processes, treatments to prevent complications of diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is tertiary prevention?

A

restoration and rehabilitation
Tertiary prevention aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects. This is done by helping people manage long-term, often-complex health problems and injuries (e.g. chronic diseases, permanent impairments)

hospital and community facilities, selective placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 5 stages of behavioral change?

A

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the precontemplation stage

A

not intending change in the next 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what its he contemplation stage

A

considering a change in the next 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the preparation stage?

A

making small changes in preparation for change in the next month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the action stage?

A

actively engaged in strategies to change behavior, lasts up to 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the maintenance stage?

A

sustained change over time. begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the three developmental theories?

A

Frued, Erikson, Piaget

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is Freud’s developmental theory?

A

5 stages of psychosexual development, with each stage characterized by sexual pleasure in parts of the body depending on the age

resolving conflict between sources of pleasure and mandates of reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the Infancy (birth to 18 mos) stage of freud’s development

A

oral stage
primary source of interaction is through the mouth, with pleasure through actions of the mouth

(feeding)

oral personality in adults is smoking/biting nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Early Childhood/toddler (18 mos to 3 yrs)

stage of freud’s development

A

anal

child learns to control and manage elimination. (toilet training)

adults is orderliness and messiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Preschool (3 to 5 years)

stage of freud’s development

A

phallic stage
Childs begin to see their mother/father as competition for their spouse (oedipus/Electra complex)

adults is sexual dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q 
Middle childhood (6 to 12 years)
stage of freud's development
A

latent

libido is there, but not focused into any area.

social and interactional skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Adolescence (12 to 19 years)

stage of freud’s development

A

genitals

child focuses on sexual activity and maturing

not really any adult fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the pnemonic for Freuds stages ?

A

old age parrots love grapes

oral, anal, parrots, phallic, latent (none), genital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the stages for eriksons development?

A

infancy, early childhood, preschool, middle child, adolescence, young adult, adult, old adult,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the infancy stage?

A

birth to 18 months
trust vs. mistrust = ability to trust others

learning trust by being given attention through parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the early childhood stage?

A

18mos-3 years
autonomy vs. shame and doubt= self control and independence vs shame because they can’t do their own thing

walking, making choices, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the preschool stage?

A

3-5yrs
initiative vs guilt= highly imaginative

feeling they have purpose in decisions vs. developing guilt and feeling as if they are not valued

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what its the middle childhood stage?

A

6-12yo
industry vs. inferiority= engaged in tasks and activity

feeling industrious and confident, or feeling that they do not have competence and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the adolescence stage?

A

12-19 years
identity vs. role confusion= sexual maturity, who am I?

learning identity and place through peers, or confusion when they dont find a place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the young adult stage?

A

intimacy vs isolation= affiliation vs. love

exploring relationships and commitment, or avoiding it to create isolation/loneliness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is the adult stage?

A

generativeity vs. stagnation/self absorption

establish career and feeling as if they are part of a bigger picture, vs feeling as if they are stuck and not adding to the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is the old adult stage?

A

integrity vs. despair
feeling as if your life was productive and accomplished, or feeling as if they didn’t do enough and then are dissatisfied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is Piagets theory?

A

moving from one stage to another specifically by creating frameworks (schemas) to create cognitive equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what are the stages of Piaget?

A

sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is sensorimotor stage

A

birth to 18mos

reflex activity to repetitive actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is preoperational stage

A

18mos to about 5years

thinking using symbols, egocentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is concrete operational stage

A

6-12 years

logical thinking, conservation, reversibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is formal operation stage

A

12-19 years

abstract thinking, hypothetical, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is stress?

A

physiologically, it is a flight or fight response. high BP, high CO, high RR, ETC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what is selye general adapt syndrome (GAS)

A

alarm, resistance, exhaustion stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what is the alarm stage

A

stress is introduced, fight or flight initial response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what is resistance stage of stress?

A

stress over time, trying to return to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what is exhaustion stage of stress

A

body can’t take it anymore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what are the two assessments to determine stress

A

primary and secondary appraisal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what is primary GAS appraisal

A

evaluate event and what the meaning is to you or someone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what is secondary GAS appraisal

A

focuses on possible coping strategies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what are coping approaches

A

alter stressor, avoid stressor, adapt to stressor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what is adaptive coping

A

directly reduce negative effects

i.e. change lifestyle, solve course of stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what is maladaptive coping

A

unhealthy style, temp fix

i.e. over eating or drinking

54
Q

ability to adapt depends on ___?

A

intensity of stressor, effectiveness of coping, personal factors

55
Q

what are ego defense mechanisms?

A

how you defensively react to a stressor

i.e. denial, regression (progress but then new comes and you regress)

56
Q

what are some resiliency skills? (healthy ways to cope)

A

relaxation ,eating well, fitness, social support, etc

57
Q

what factors influence stress and coping?

A

situational (job change, illness, caregiver stress), maturational (vary with life stages) , sociocultural (environmental, social, cultural) perceived by patient

58
Q

what is chronic stress

A

occurs in stable conditions resulting from stressful roles

59
Q

what is acute stress

A

time limited events that threaten a person for brief period of time

60
Q

what is developmental crises?

A

occur as a person moves through life stages (kids, adults, being old, etc)

61
Q

what is a situational crises?

A

external sources such as job change, accident, death, severe illness.

62
Q

what is adventitious crises?

A

natural or man made disaster (i.e. shooting or hurricane)

63
Q

what are some nursing diagnoses for stress?

A

anxiety, ineffective coping, fear, multiple diagnoses

64
Q

what is loss?

A

produced by an event perceived to be negative by those involved and results in changes to ones social, relationship, or cognition

65
Q

what is bereavement?

A

state of being without or In absence of something valued

66
Q

what is grief?

A

the response to loss

67
Q

what is grieving and suffering

A

grieving is working through losses

suffering is measure of gap between reality and what is desired

68
Q

what is mourning?

A

outward expression of loss

69
Q

what is normal/uncomplicated grief

A

includes, physical, psychological/emotional, cognitive, social, spiritual reactions

70
Q

what are some normal physical grief reactions?

A

heart palpitation, breathlessness, headache, fatigue, nausea, tightness in throat, sleep disturbances

71
Q

what are some normal psychological/emotional grief reactions?

A

irritability/anger, restlessness, sadness/depression, numbness/shock, helplessness, hopelessness

72
Q

what are some normal cognitive grief reactions?

A

difficulty concentrating, difficulty expressing, forgetful, disorientation, hyperactivity, difficulty organizing tasks

73
Q

what are some normal social/familial grief reactions?

A

closed communication, changed power structure, social stigma

74
Q

what are some normal spiritual grief reactions?

A

questioning meaning of life, comfort in faith, doubt in or loss of faith, anger at God

75
Q

what is complicated grief ?

A

can include normal grief, but reactions are intensified and prolonged

76
Q

what are the types of complicated grief

A

chronic, masked, delayed

77
Q

what is chronic grief

A

reactions that do not subside, but continue for long time

78
Q

what is masked grief?

A

survivor is unaware that behaviors are interfering with normal functioning as result of a loss

79
Q

what is delayed grief?

A

reactions are suppressed or postponed

survivor consciously or unconsciously avoids the pain of the loss

80
Q

what is disenfranchised grief?

A

when loss cannot be openly acknowledged

81
Q

what is anticipatory grief?

A

grieving before a loss or fear of a potential loss

experienced by patients, family, and professionals

82
Q

what is the kubler ross model of grief?

A

aligned w continuing bonds

includes denial, anger, depression, bargaining and then acceptance

83
Q

what is the wordens model of grief?

A

aligned with breaking ties model

tasks of grief (TEAR)
to accept reality of loss, experience pain of loss, adjust to new environment, reinvest in new reality

84
Q

nursing has been voted the most ___ profession in 17 of the last 18 years

A

ethical

85
Q

what is the standard of care

A

minimum acceptable level of care

86
Q

what makes sources for standard of care?

A

boards of nursing, specialty organizations, certifying body, federal statue, research, experts, facilities, accrediting organizations.

87
Q

what is standards of practice?

A

same as standard of care, it is the level of competence

88
Q

what is standards of nursing practice

A

competent level of nursing care, specific to nursing and nursing processes

89
Q

what is standards of professional performance

A

professional behavior as a nurse

90
Q

what is scope of practice

A

what someone in profession is legally allowed to do

91
Q

what is the code of ethics

A

social contract w society
formal statement of a groups morals, ideals and values
set of ethical principles

92
Q

what are the divisions of statutory law

A

civil and criminal

93
Q

what is the flow for malpractice (unintentional)

A

law>statutory>civil>tort law>unintentional>negligence>malpractice

94
Q

what is administrative and regulatory law?

A

group appointed to pass rules, regulations, and render opinions.

95
Q

what groups are part of administrative and regulatory law?

A

FDA and state nursing boards

96
Q

possible outcomes for BON investigation

A

dismissed charge, formal or informal letter of warning, license probation with stipulations, license suspension with stipulations, license revocation, diversion program for drug or alcohol related charged

97
Q

what is license probation with stipulations

A

you have to do some form of remediation but are still able to practice.

98
Q

what is tort law

A

legal wrongs committed against one person or a persons property

99
Q

what is intentional tort law breach

A

civil and criminal,

i.e. invasion of privacy, defamation, assault, battery

100
Q

what is quasi intentional tort

A

some parts were intentional, but not the consequences of intentional acts

101
Q

what is unintentional tort?

A

negligence (Example: dont change grandmas brief and she gets breakdown because you forgot)

102
Q

What is malpractice?

A

professional negligence. (ex. nurse forgetting to change briefs and now grandma has pressure ulcer)

103
Q

malpractice is the most ___ unintentional tort brought against nurses

A

common

104
Q

what are the four elements of liability that must be present for someone to be liable

A

duty, a breach in duty, causation, and damages incurred.

105
Q

what are ethics

A

rules or principles that determine what human actions are right or wrong

106
Q

what is an ethical dilemma

A

having to chose between two or more equally undesirable alternatives

107
Q

what are the 6 moral and ethical principles?

A

autonomy, beneficence, non maleficence, fidelity, justice, veracity

108
Q

what is autonomy in morals/ethics?

A

patients right to self determination

109
Q

what is beneficence in morals/ethics?

A

duty to actively do good for patients

110
Q

what is non-maleficence in morals/ethics?

A

duty to prevent or avoid doing harm

111
Q

what is fidelity in morals/ethics?

A

duty to be faithful to commitments

112
Q

what is justice in morals/ethics?

A

duty to treat all patients fairly

113
Q

what is veracity in morals/ethics?

A

duty to tell the truth

114
Q

what moral principles are the most important

A

autonomy and maleficence seen as the frontrunner because it emphasizes respect and harm reduction

115
Q

what is a deontological ethical framework

A

right or wrong based on duty

doesn’t look at consequences of action, individual has clear direction in how to act

116
Q

what is a teleological ethical framework

A

humanistic origins, outcome focused

117
Q

what is a principalism ethical framework

A

based on principles

118
Q

what is a utilitarianism ethical framework

A

what is best for the most people

119
Q

what is a feminist ethics/ethics of care ethical framework

A

what is right for one group is not necessarily for another

120
Q

what is a situational ethical framework

A

each situation creates its own rules and principles.

emphasizes uniqueness.

121
Q

what is a casuistry ethical framework

A

case based reasoning, not focused on rules or theories but practical decision making.
can compare to previous cases.

122
Q

what is a whistleblower

A

person who identifies an incompetent unethical or illegal situation

123
Q

what should be part of documentation ?

A

factual and objective, accurate, what and why you did something, care plans are pertinent and updated

124
Q

simple documentation rules

A

date and time all entries, timely documentation, entries are legible/grammatically correct/spelled correct

who performed it, enable reader to know what occurred, authenticated, quotes/descriptions,

125
Q

Principle 1 of integrative nursing

A

human beings are whole systems inseparable from their environment

126
Q

Principle 2 of integrative nursing

A

human beings have innate capacity for health and wellbeing

127
Q

Principle 3 of integrative nursing

A

nature has healing and restorative properties that contribute to wellbeing (outdoors, plants, sunshine, nature)

128
Q

Principle 4 of integrative nursing

A

it is person centered and relationship based

129
Q

Principle 5 of integrative nursing

A

informed by evidence and uses the full range of therapeutic modalities to support and augment healing process. moving from least to more invasive

130
Q

Principle 6 of integrative nursing

A

integrative nursing focuses on health and wellbeing of caregivers as well as those they serve

NURS 356 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions