week 10 & 11

Question 1

What is the name of the hormone that controls hunger?

Answer 1

Leptin

Question 2

What happens to white blood cells in obese people?

Answer 2

hypertrophy of WBC which produce hormones & chemokines -inflammation

Question 3

how does obesity effect wound healing, at a cellular level?

Answer 3

wound contraction is decreased, keratinocyte migration is decreased, inflammatory cells stay in the wound for longer, poor quality granulation tissue, slower angiogenisis and altered collagen…

Question 4

What can cause increased rate of infection in obese wounds?

Answer 4

neutrophils, require oxygen to perform wound cleansing role, longer operating times, increased tension on wounds.

Question 5

What are radiation doses measured in?

Answer 5

rad and grey

Question 6

what does 1 gray =?

Answer 6

100 rad

Question 7

what should the total amount of treatments exceed (in rads)

Answer 7

6000 rads

Question 8

how long can delayed changes in skin following radiation treatments last?

Answer 8

6-12 months

Question 9

if performing surgery after radiation, how long must you wait to undergo surgery?

Answer 9

3 weeks

Question 10

how long after surgery do you need to wait to have radiation?

Answer 10

6-8 weeks

Question 11

What are some recommendations to manage skin post radiation?

Answer 11

wash with pH neutral soap, pat dry, hydrating creams, corn starch or talc to reduce friction, topical steroids (short time)

Question 12

What does chemotherapy target?

Answer 12

proliferating cells.

Question 13

The chemo drug Cyclophosphamide has what effect?

Answer 13

reduces initial vasodialation of inflammation and angiogenisis during proliferation

Question 14

what does the chemo drug Thiotepa do?

Answer 14

inhibits fibroblasts and has an effect on tensile strength

Question 15

what does the chemo drug Mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard) do?

Answer 15

effects fibroblasts (wound healing strength) & delays proliferation of endothelial cells, poor quality granulation.

Question 16

What is the aetology of Diabetes?

Answer 16

The body’s inability to normalize blood glucose.

Question 17

What does high glycaemia and lipid levels do to cells?

Answer 17

inhibits the bodies ability to release cytokines

Question 18

what do fibroblasts do in diabetics (wounds)

Answer 18

releases higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 19

levels of what…. found in diabetic wounds decrease endothelial cell and lymphocyte proliferation?

Answer 19

nitric oxide

Question 20

what do cells rely on to contract?

Answer 20

the conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts

Question 21

in summary, what are the main factors that affect diabetic wound healing?

Answer 21

cells reduced ability to synthesize and excrete growth factors.

Question 22

when does a wound become chronic?

Answer 22

if it hasn’t healed by 8 weeks

Question 23

what are some things that can be done to help heal a diabetic wound?

Answer 23

debridement, LLLT, ultrasound, dressings impregnated with collagen,

Question 24

what are some factors that will influence wound healing…

Answer 24

oxygen, infection, narcotic tissue, capillary supply, wound bed, medications, co-morbidity, radiation/chemo, dressings, patient compliance.

Question 25

what does Vitamin A do found a wound

Answer 25

increases the numbers of macrophages and Monocytes at the wound site

Question 26

What does Zinc do for a wound?

Answer 26

important in nutrient repair, required during DNA synthesis & cellular division

Question 27

basically why are proteins required in wound healing?

Answer 27

strength of new tissue

Question 28

why is iron important in wound healing?

Answer 28

to transport oxygen

Question 29

what vitamin helps to coagulate?

Answer 29

vitamin K