Week 1 Wet Room Flashcards
Which cranial fossa does the brainstem lie in
Posterior cranial fossa
Embryologically which 2 vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem
Mesencephalon and Rhombencephalon
Which cranial nerves can you see emerging from pontomedullary junction
Abducen VI
Vagus V
Facial CN VII
Vestibulochlear CN VIII
What Cavities of the ventricular system lie within the brain stem
IV Trochlear
The trochlear intracranial course makes it vulnerable to injury by increased intracranial pressure. What would be the consequence of this nerve being injured
Weakness or paralysis of the superior oblique
What do the pyramids contain
Efferent corticospinal fibres for muscle movement
What produces the decussation of the pyramids
Corticospinal fibres cross the midline to form these
What forms the olive
Inferior olivary nucleus lies within the olive
Which part of the medulla is the open part
Superior
Which part of the medulla is the closed part
Inferior (caudal)
Through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord
Foramen magnum
On the surface of the peons where does the trigeminal nerve originate
Lateral aspect
The middle cerebral peduncle is made up of what
Centripetal fibres
Which part of the brain lies superior to the midbrain
Diencephalon
Which part of the brain lies immediately inferior to the midbrain
Pons
The cerebral peduncles, what kind of fibres make up them and what are they destined for
Large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons
Which parts of the brain do the diencephalon lie between
Brain stem and cerebral hemisphere
What are the surface projections visible on the surface of the hypothalamus called
Maxillary body
What is the name given to the midline structure connecting the 2 cerebellar hemispheres
Corpus callosum
To what part(s) of the brain is the vermis anatomically connected to by peduncles
Superior peduncle- midbrain
Middle peduncle- pons
Inferior peduncle- medulla
What is the name of the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum
Fourth ventricle
What cranial fossa is the cerebellum in contact with
Posterior cranial fossa
What foramen in the skull does the cerebellum sit above
Foramen Magnum
What is the name of the part of the cerebellum that sits atop the Forman magnum
Cerebellar tonsils
When there is a drop intracranial pressure what can happen
The tonsils may herniate through the foramen magnum
What is the name given to the large fissure separating the 2 cerebral hemispheres
Lateral ventricle
What type of nerve fibres are most likely to be carried in the corpus callosum
Commisural
What lobes contain the primary motor cortex
Pre-central gyrus
What lobes contain the primary visual cortex
Occipital (visual cortex)
What lobe contains the auditory complex
Superior temoral gyrus
What lobe contains the sensory cortex
Post-central gyrus
What is the frontal lobe responsible for
Motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgement, impulse control, and social and sexual behaviour
What parts of the vertebrae have been removed to open up the spinal cord
Lamina and Vertebra
What muscles overlie the bony parts of the vertebra
Erector psine
What ligaments may be encountered when exposing the surface of the spinal cord
Supraspinous and interspinous ligament
What other structures apart from the spinal cord and meninges lie in the spinal canal
Vein and arteries
Muscles and ligaments
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate in an adult
L1/L2
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate in a new born
L3
At what vertebral level does the dura mater terminate
S2
At what vertebral level does the arachnoid mater terminate
S2
What happens to the Pia mater inferior to the spinal crd
Fuses with film terminale
What occupies the space between the end of the spinal cord and the termination of the dura and arachnoid
Cauda equina and Film terminale
At what level would a lumbar puncture be carried out
L4/L5
How would you position the patient to gain access to the lumbar cistern and why
Lying on their side (left lateral) with legs flexed and knee pulled towards chest
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
What are upper motor lesions characterised by
Spasticity
Hyperflexia
Increased muscle tone
Compex sensory symptoms
What are lower motor lesions characterised by
Global sensory changes
Flaccid paralysis
Is damage to the caudal equine classified as an upper or lower motor neurone lesion
Lower motor neurone lesion
