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Anatomy Neurology > Week 1 Wet Room > Flashcards

Week 1 Wet Room Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial fossa does the brainstem lie in

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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2
Q

Embryologically which 2 vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem

A

Mesencephalon and Rhombencephalon

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3
Q

Which cranial nerves can you see emerging from pontomedullary junction

A

Abducen VI
Vagus V
Facial CN VII
Vestibulochlear CN VIII

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4
Q

What Cavities of the ventricular system lie within the brain stem

A

IV Trochlear

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5
Q

The trochlear intracranial course makes it vulnerable to injury by increased intracranial pressure. What would be the consequence of this nerve being injured

A

Weakness or paralysis of the superior oblique

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6
Q

What do the pyramids contain

A

Efferent corticospinal fibres for muscle movement

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7
Q

What produces the decussation of the pyramids

A

Corticospinal fibres cross the midline to form these

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8
Q

What forms the olive

A

Inferior olivary nucleus lies within the olive

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9
Q

Which part of the medulla is the open part

A

Superior

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10
Q

Which part of the medulla is the closed part

A

Inferior (caudal)

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11
Q

Through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord

A

Foramen magnum

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12
Q

On the surface of the peons where does the trigeminal nerve originate

A

Lateral aspect

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13
Q

The middle cerebral peduncle is made up of what

A

Centripetal fibres

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14
Q

Which part of the brain lies superior to the midbrain

A

Diencephalon

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15
Q

Which part of the brain lies immediately inferior to the midbrain

A

Pons

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16
Q

The cerebral peduncles, what kind of fibres make up them and what are they destined for

A

Large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons

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17
Q

Which parts of the brain do the diencephalon lie between

A

Brain stem and cerebral hemisphere

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18
Q

What are the surface projections visible on the surface of the hypothalamus called

A

Maxillary body

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19
Q

What is the name given to the midline structure connecting the 2 cerebellar hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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20
Q

To what part(s) of the brain is the vermis anatomically connected to by peduncles

A

Superior peduncle- midbrain
Middle peduncle- pons
Inferior peduncle- medulla

21
Q

What is the name of the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum

A

Fourth ventricle

22
Q

What cranial fossa is the cerebellum in contact with

A

Posterior cranial fossa

23
Q

What foramen in the skull does the cerebellum sit above

A

Foramen Magnum

24
Q

What is the name of the part of the cerebellum that sits atop the Forman magnum

A

Cerebellar tonsils

25
Q

When there is a drop intracranial pressure what can happen

A

The tonsils may herniate through the foramen magnum

26
Q

What is the name given to the large fissure separating the 2 cerebral hemispheres

A

Lateral ventricle

27
Q

What type of nerve fibres are most likely to be carried in the corpus callosum

A

Commisural

28
Q

What lobes contain the primary motor cortex

A

Pre-central gyrus

29
Q

What lobes contain the primary visual cortex

A

Occipital (visual cortex)

30
Q

What lobe contains the auditory complex

A

Superior temoral gyrus

31
Q

What lobe contains the sensory cortex

A

Post-central gyrus

32
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for

A

Motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgement, impulse control, and social and sexual behaviour

33
Q

What parts of the vertebrae have been removed to open up the spinal cord

A

Lamina and Vertebra

34
Q

What muscles overlie the bony parts of the vertebra

A

Erector psine

35
Q

What ligaments may be encountered when exposing the surface of the spinal cord

A

Supraspinous and interspinous ligament

36
Q

What other structures apart from the spinal cord and meninges lie in the spinal canal

A

Vein and arteries

Muscles and ligaments

37
Q

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate in an adult

A

L1/L2

38
Q

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate in a new born

A

L3

39
Q

At what vertebral level does the dura mater terminate

A

S2

40
Q

At what vertebral level does the arachnoid mater terminate

A

S2

41
Q

What happens to the Pia mater inferior to the spinal crd

A

Fuses with film terminale

42
Q

What occupies the space between the end of the spinal cord and the termination of the dura and arachnoid

A

Cauda equina and Film terminale

43
Q

At what level would a lumbar puncture be carried out

A

L4/L5

44
Q

How would you position the patient to gain access to the lumbar cistern and why

A

Lying on their side (left lateral) with legs flexed and knee pulled towards chest

45
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

46
Q

What are upper motor lesions characterised by

A

Spasticity
Hyperflexia
Increased muscle tone
Compex sensory symptoms

47
Q

What are lower motor lesions characterised by

A

Global sensory changes

Flaccid paralysis

48
Q

Is damage to the caudal equine classified as an upper or lower motor neurone lesion

A

Lower motor neurone lesion

Anatomy Neurology (4 decks)

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