Week 1 Wet Room

Question 1

Which cranial fossa does the brainstem lie in

Answer 1

Posterior cranial fossa

Question 2

Embryologically which 2 vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem

Answer 2

Mesencephalon and Rhombencephalon

Question 3

Which cranial nerves can you see emerging from pontomedullary junction

Answer 3

Abducen VI
Vagus V
Facial CN VII
Vestibulochlear CN VIII

Question 4

What Cavities of the ventricular system lie within the brain stem

Answer 4

IV Trochlear

Question 5

The trochlear intracranial course makes it vulnerable to injury by increased intracranial pressure. What would be the consequence of this nerve being injured

Answer 5

Weakness or paralysis of the superior oblique

Question 6

What do the pyramids contain

Answer 6

Efferent corticospinal fibres for muscle movement

Question 7

What produces the decussation of the pyramids

Answer 7

Corticospinal fibres cross the midline to form these

Question 8

What forms the olive

Answer 8

Inferior olivary nucleus lies within the olive

Question 9

Which part of the medulla is the open part

Answer 9

Superior

Question 10

Which part of the medulla is the closed part

Answer 10

Inferior (caudal)

Question 11

Through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord

Answer 11

Foramen magnum

Question 12

On the surface of the peons where does the trigeminal nerve originate

Answer 12

Lateral aspect

Question 13

The middle cerebral peduncle is made up of what

Answer 13

Centripetal fibres

Question 14

Which part of the brain lies superior to the midbrain

Answer 14

Diencephalon

Question 15

Which part of the brain lies immediately inferior to the midbrain

Answer 15

Pons

Question 16

The cerebral peduncles, what kind of fibres make up them and what are they destined for

Answer 16

Large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons

Question 17

Which parts of the brain do the diencephalon lie between

Answer 17

Brain stem and cerebral hemisphere

Question 18

What are the surface projections visible on the surface of the hypothalamus called

Answer 18

Maxillary body

Question 19

What is the name given to the midline structure connecting the 2 cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 19

Corpus callosum

Question 20

To what part(s) of the brain is the vermis anatomically connected to by peduncles

Answer 20

Superior peduncle- midbrain
Middle peduncle- pons
Inferior peduncle- medulla

Question 21

What is the name of the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum

Answer 21

Fourth ventricle

Question 22

What cranial fossa is the cerebellum in contact with

Answer 22

Posterior cranial fossa

Question 23

What foramen in the skull does the cerebellum sit above

Answer 23

Foramen Magnum

Question 24

What is the name of the part of the cerebellum that sits atop the Forman magnum

Answer 24

Cerebellar tonsils

Question 25

When there is a drop intracranial pressure what can happen

Answer 25

The tonsils may herniate through the foramen magnum

Question 26

What is the name given to the large fissure separating the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Answer 26

Lateral ventricle

Question 27

What type of nerve fibres are most likely to be carried in the corpus callosum

Answer 27

Commisural

Question 28

What lobes contain the primary motor cortex

Answer 28

Pre-central gyrus

Question 29

What lobes contain the primary visual cortex

Answer 29

Occipital (visual cortex)

Question 30

What lobe contains the auditory complex

Answer 30

Superior temoral gyrus

Question 31

What lobe contains the sensory cortex

Answer 31

Post-central gyrus

Question 32

What is the frontal lobe responsible for

Answer 32

Motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgement, impulse control, and social and sexual behaviour

Question 33

What parts of the vertebrae have been removed to open up the spinal cord

Answer 33

Lamina and Vertebra

Question 34

What muscles overlie the bony parts of the vertebra

Answer 34

Erector psine

Question 35

What ligaments may be encountered when exposing the surface of the spinal cord

Answer 35

Supraspinous and interspinous ligament

Question 36

What other structures apart from the spinal cord and meninges lie in the spinal canal

Answer 36

Vein and arteries | Muscles and ligaments

Question 37

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate in an adult

Answer 37

L1/L2

Question 38

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate in a new born

Answer 38

L3

Question 39

At what vertebral level does the dura mater terminate

Answer 39

S2

Question 40

At what vertebral level does the arachnoid mater terminate

Answer 40

S2

Question 41

What happens to the Pia mater inferior to the spinal crd

Answer 41

Fuses with film terminale

Question 42

What occupies the space between the end of the spinal cord and the termination of the dura and arachnoid

Answer 42

Cauda equina and Film terminale

Question 43

At what level would a lumbar puncture be carried out

Answer 43

L4/L5

Question 44

How would you position the patient to gain access to the lumbar cistern and why

Answer 44

Lying on their side (left lateral) with legs flexed and knee pulled towards chest

Question 45

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 45

31

Question 46

What are upper motor lesions characterised by

Answer 46

Spasticity Hyperflexia Increased muscle tone Compex sensory symptoms

Question 47

What are lower motor lesions characterised by

Answer 47

Global sensory changes | Flaccid paralysis

Question 48

Is damage to the caudal equine classified as an upper or lower motor neurone lesion

Answer 48

Lower motor neurone lesion