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Anatomy Neurology > Week 1 Dry Room > Flashcards

Week 1 Dry Room Flashcards

1
Q

Name the structures from subclavian arteries to top

A 
Anterior spinal artery
Vertebral arteries
Posterior Inferior arteries
Anterior inferior arteries
Labyrinthe arteries
Basilar arterie
Superior cerebral arteries
Posterior cerebral arteries
Posterior communicating arteries
Middle cerebral arteries
Internal carotid artery
Ophthalmic artery
Anterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral artery
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2
Q

From which arteries do the left and right vertebral arteries arise

A

Subclavian arteries

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3
Q

At what vertebral level do the left and right internal carotid arteries arise

A

C4

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4
Q

How is the basilar artery formed and which part of the brainstem is it most closely related to

A

2 vertebral arches join together and Medula

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5
Q

What arteries complete the posterior of the circle of of Wilis by linking the internal carotid arteries to the posterior cerebral arteries

A

Posterior communicating arteries

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6
Q

Which artery completes the anterior of the circle of Willis by linking the anterior cerebral arteries

A

Anterior communicating artery

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7
Q

Which fissure does the anterior cerebral artery

A

Medial aspect- longitudinal fissure

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8
Q

What sulcus does the middle cerebral artery travel

A

Cerebral sulcus

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9
Q

What sulcus does the posterior cerebral artery trace through

A

Calcarine sulcus

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10
Q

Which artery supplies the primary motor cortex

A

Middle

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11
Q

Which artery supplies the primary sensory area

A

Anterior

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12
Q

Which artery supplies the primary visual cortex

A

Posterior

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13
Q

Which artery supplies the primary auditory area

A

Middle

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14
Q

What artery supplies the area of olfaction

A

Middle

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15
Q

What parts of the brain do the vertebrobasilar system supply

A

Brainstem, occipital lobes and cerebellum

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16
Q

Which cerebral artery runs immediately superior to the superior cerebellar arteries

A

Posterior cerebellar arteries

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17
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from just above the superior cerebellar artery

A

Trochlear and Oculomotor

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18
Q

Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery are common at the location, often resulting in palsy of the cranial nerve III (oculomotor)

A

Palsy of oculomotor- eye is displaced downward and outwards

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19
Q

Describe the carotid sinus location and its function

A

Located at terminal part of the common carotid artery.
It is a pressure receptor which monitors the flow to the head. Sensory nerves from the carotid sinus run in the glossopharyngeal nerve and the vagus nerve

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20
Q

Describe the carotid body and function

A

Area on the posterior wall of the terminal part of the common carotid artery in the neck. Contains chemoreceptors which are sensitive to low oxygen levels (anoxia) (HR, respectively rate, and BP). Sensory nerves from these receptors run in the glossopharyngeal nerve

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21
Q

Where does the sympathetic motor nerves run from

A

Plexus enters the skull with the artery through the carotid canal and continues along the main branches of the internal carotid artery

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22
Q

The brain is drained by a series of veins which drain into where?

A

Dural venous sinuses between the periosteum and the cranial dura

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23
Q

Name the larger intracranial venous sinuses

A 
Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus
Transverse sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Confluence
cavernous sinus
Petrosal sinus
Great cerebral vein
Superior ophthalmic vein
24
Q

Into which vein in the neck do the dural venous sinuses drain into

A

Jugular vein

25
Q

Through which foramen in the skull does the jugular vein pass through

A

Jugular foramen

26
Q

Where does the superior ophthalmic vein drain into

A

The cavernous sinus within the cranial cavity

27
Q

What is the superior ophthalmic vein continuous with outside the cranial cavity

A

Facial vein

28
Q

What are emissary veins

A

They connect the cranial venous sinuses with the dipole of the skull containing blood sinuses in the bone marrow, which in turn are continuous with the veins in the superficial fascia overlying the outer part of the skull and scalp

29
Q

Where are the inferior petrosal sinuses lie

A

At the base of the brain and are connected to each other by the basilar sinus

30
Q

What are the grooves in the base of the skull

A 
Cavernous sinus
Groove for sigmoid sinus
Groove for transverse sinus
Groove for confluence of sinus
Sagittal sinus
31
Q

What veins drain into the cavernous sinus

A

Superior and Inferior ophthalmic veins

32
Q

What structures in the skull base is the cavernous sinus closely related to

A

laterally the temporal bone
Pituitary Gand
Sphenoid sinus

33
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a clinical condition due to a spreading of infection from the nose, sinuses, ears or teeth. How may infections spread to it from these regions

A

Cavernous sinus receives blood from facial veins, sphenoid and middle cerebral veins. Veins contain no valves and blood can flow in any direction

34
Q

CST results in bulging eyes and loss of vision, why?

A

Venous engorgement leads to less perfusion to nerves and also paralysis of the nerves coursing through it and that leads to infarction

35
Q

Branches from which arteries fuse to form the anterior spinal artery

A

Intracranial vertebral arteries

36
Q

Which arteries are the posterior spinal arteries branches of

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries or Vertebral arteries

37
Q

What fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space

A

CSF

38
Q

What other structures are present in the subarachnoid space

A

Trabeculum, cerebral veins

39
Q

What structure does the fall cerebri separate

A

Cerebral hemisphere

40
Q

What is the horizontal sheet of dura in the brain

A

Tentorium cerebelli

41
Q

To what bony structures does the fall cerebri attach to anteriorly

A

Crista galli and anterior crinoid process

42
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri

A

Superior sagittal

43
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs along the lower border of the fall cerebri

A

Superior petrosal

44
Q

What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli

A

Transverse sinus

45
Q

To what bony points does the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebella attach to

A

Posterior clinoid process

46
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the fall cerebri to the tentorium

A

Inferior sagittal sinus

47
Q

What is the dural fold that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres

A

Falx cerebelli

48
Q

What is the fold that surrounds the pituitary stalk called

A

Diaphragma Sellae

49
Q

Through which foramen in the skull does the middle meningeal artery enter the cranial cavity

A

Foramen spinosum

50
Q

What is the purpose of the middle meningeal artery

A

Branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the dura mater

51
Q

Which artery is the maxillary artery a terminal branch of and within which glandular structure is it given off

A

Facial artery and submandibular gland

52
Q

Name the features of the lateral ventricle

A

Anterior horn
Body
Posterior horn
Inferior horn

53
Q

What is the name given to the specialised structures that lie in the ventricles that generate CSF

A

Choroid plexus

54
Q

How does CSF pass into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle

A

3 foramina

55
Q

At which location is CSF finally reabsorbed back into general circulation

A

Superior portion of skull by arachnoid villi at sagittal sinus

56
Q

Indentations on either side of the groove for the superior sagittal sinus are made by what

A

Arachnoid granulation (arachnoid villi)

Anatomy Neurology (4 decks)

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