Week 1 Dry Room

Question 1

Name the structures from subclavian arteries to top

Answer 1

Anterior spinal artery
Vertebral arteries
Posterior Inferior arteries
Anterior inferior arteries
Labyrinthe arteries
Basilar arterie
Superior cerebral arteries
Posterior cerebral arteries
Posterior communicating arteries
Middle cerebral arteries
Internal carotid artery
Ophthalmic artery
Anterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral artery

Question 2

From which arteries do the left and right vertebral arteries arise

Answer 2

Subclavian arteries

Question 3

At what vertebral level do the left and right internal carotid arteries arise

Answer 3

C4

Question 4

How is the basilar artery formed and which part of the brainstem is it most closely related to

Answer 4

2 vertebral arches join together and Medula

Question 5

What arteries complete the posterior of the circle of of Wilis by linking the internal carotid arteries to the posterior cerebral arteries

Answer 5

Posterior communicating arteries

Question 6

Which artery completes the anterior of the circle of Willis by linking the anterior cerebral arteries

Answer 6

Anterior communicating artery

Question 7

Which fissure does the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 7

Medial aspect- longitudinal fissure

Question 8

What sulcus does the middle cerebral artery travel

Answer 8

Cerebral sulcus

Question 9

What sulcus does the posterior cerebral artery trace through

Answer 9

Calcarine sulcus

Question 10

Which artery supplies the primary motor cortex

Answer 10

Middle

Question 11

Which artery supplies the primary sensory area

Answer 11

Anterior

Question 12

Which artery supplies the primary visual cortex

Answer 12

Posterior

Question 13

Which artery supplies the primary auditory area

Answer 13

Middle

Question 14

What artery supplies the area of olfaction

Answer 14

Middle

Question 15

What parts of the brain do the vertebrobasilar system supply

Answer 15

Brainstem, occipital lobes and cerebellum

Question 16

Which cerebral artery runs immediately superior to the superior cerebellar arteries

Answer 16

Posterior cerebellar arteries

Question 17

Which cranial nerve emerges from just above the superior cerebellar artery

Answer 17

Trochlear and Oculomotor

Question 18

Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery are common at the location, often resulting in palsy of the cranial nerve III (oculomotor)

Answer 18

Palsy of oculomotor- eye is displaced downward and outwards

Question 19

Describe the carotid sinus location and its function

Answer 19

Located at terminal part of the common carotid artery.
It is a pressure receptor which monitors the flow to the head. Sensory nerves from the carotid sinus run in the glossopharyngeal nerve and the vagus nerve

Question 20

Describe the carotid body and function

Answer 20

Area on the posterior wall of the terminal part of the common carotid artery in the neck. Contains chemoreceptors which are sensitive to low oxygen levels (anoxia) (HR, respectively rate, and BP). Sensory nerves from these receptors run in the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 21

Where does the sympathetic motor nerves run from

Answer 21

Plexus enters the skull with the artery through the carotid canal and continues along the main branches of the internal carotid artery

Question 22

The brain is drained by a series of veins which drain into where?

Answer 22

Dural venous sinuses between the periosteum and the cranial dura

Question 23

Name the larger intracranial venous sinuses

Answer 23

Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus
Transverse sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Confluence
cavernous sinus
Petrosal sinus
Great cerebral vein
Superior ophthalmic vein

Question 24

Into which vein in the neck do the dural venous sinuses drain into

Answer 24

Jugular vein

Question 25

Through which foramen in the skull does the jugular vein pass through

Answer 25

Jugular foramen

Question 26

Where does the superior ophthalmic vein drain into

Answer 26

The cavernous sinus within the cranial cavity

Question 27

What is the superior ophthalmic vein continuous with outside the cranial cavity

Answer 27

Facial vein

Question 28

What are emissary veins

Answer 28

They connect the cranial venous sinuses with the dipole of the skull containing blood sinuses in the bone marrow, which in turn are continuous with the veins in the superficial fascia overlying the outer part of the skull and scalp

Question 29

Where are the inferior petrosal sinuses lie

Answer 29

At the base of the brain and are connected to each other by the basilar sinus

Question 30

What are the grooves in the base of the skull

Answer 30

``` Cavernous sinus Groove for sigmoid sinus Groove for transverse sinus Groove for confluence of sinus Sagittal sinus ```

Question 31

What veins drain into the cavernous sinus

Answer 31

Superior and Inferior ophthalmic veins

Question 32

What structures in the skull base is the cavernous sinus closely related to

Answer 32

laterally the temporal bone Pituitary Gand Sphenoid sinus

Question 33

Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a clinical condition due to a spreading of infection from the nose, sinuses, ears or teeth. How may infections spread to it from these regions

Answer 33

Cavernous sinus receives blood from facial veins, sphenoid and middle cerebral veins. Veins contain no valves and blood can flow in any direction

Question 34

CST results in bulging eyes and loss of vision, why?

Answer 34

Venous engorgement leads to less perfusion to nerves and also paralysis of the nerves coursing through it and that leads to infarction

Question 35

Branches from which arteries fuse to form the anterior spinal artery

Answer 35

Intracranial vertebral arteries

Question 36

Which arteries are the posterior spinal arteries branches of

Answer 36

Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries or Vertebral arteries

Question 37

What fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space

Answer 37

CSF

Question 38

What other structures are present in the subarachnoid space

Answer 38

Trabeculum, cerebral veins

Question 39

What structure does the fall cerebri separate

Answer 39

Cerebral hemisphere

Question 40

What is the horizontal sheet of dura in the brain

Answer 40

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 41

To what bony structures does the fall cerebri attach to anteriorly

Answer 41

Crista galli and anterior crinoid process

Question 42

Which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri

Answer 42

Superior sagittal

Question 43

Which dural venous sinus runs along the lower border of the fall cerebri

Answer 43

Superior petrosal

Question 44

What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli

Answer 44

Transverse sinus

Question 45

To what bony points does the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebella attach to

Answer 45

Posterior clinoid process

Question 46

Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the fall cerebri to the tentorium

Answer 46

Inferior sagittal sinus

Question 47

What is the dural fold that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 47

Falx cerebelli

Question 48

What is the fold that surrounds the pituitary stalk called

Answer 48

Diaphragma Sellae

Question 49

Through which foramen in the skull does the middle meningeal artery enter the cranial cavity

Answer 49

Foramen spinosum

Question 50

What is the purpose of the middle meningeal artery

Answer 50

Branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the dura mater

Question 51

Which artery is the maxillary artery a terminal branch of and within which glandular structure is it given off

Answer 51

Facial artery and submandibular gland

Question 52

Name the features of the lateral ventricle

Answer 52

Anterior horn Body Posterior horn Inferior horn

Question 53

What is the name given to the specialised structures that lie in the ventricles that generate CSF

Answer 53

Choroid plexus

Question 54

How does CSF pass into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle

Answer 54

3 foramina

Question 55

At which location is CSF finally reabsorbed back into general circulation

Answer 55

Superior portion of skull by arachnoid villi at sagittal sinus

Question 56

Indentations on either side of the groove for the superior sagittal sinus are made by what

Answer 56

Arachnoid granulation (arachnoid villi)