Week 1 Dry Room Flashcards
Name the structures from subclavian arteries to top
Anterior spinal artery Vertebral arteries Posterior Inferior arteries Anterior inferior arteries Labyrinthe arteries Basilar arterie Superior cerebral arteries Posterior cerebral arteries Posterior communicating arteries Middle cerebral arteries Internal carotid artery Ophthalmic artery Anterior communicating artery Anterior cerebral artery
From which arteries do the left and right vertebral arteries arise
Subclavian arteries
At what vertebral level do the left and right internal carotid arteries arise
C4
How is the basilar artery formed and which part of the brainstem is it most closely related to
2 vertebral arches join together and Medula
What arteries complete the posterior of the circle of of Wilis by linking the internal carotid arteries to the posterior cerebral arteries
Posterior communicating arteries
Which artery completes the anterior of the circle of Willis by linking the anterior cerebral arteries
Anterior communicating artery
Which fissure does the anterior cerebral artery
Medial aspect- longitudinal fissure
What sulcus does the middle cerebral artery travel
Cerebral sulcus
What sulcus does the posterior cerebral artery trace through
Calcarine sulcus
Which artery supplies the primary motor cortex
Middle
Which artery supplies the primary sensory area
Anterior
Which artery supplies the primary visual cortex
Posterior
Which artery supplies the primary auditory area
Middle
What artery supplies the area of olfaction
Middle
What parts of the brain do the vertebrobasilar system supply
Brainstem, occipital lobes and cerebellum
Which cerebral artery runs immediately superior to the superior cerebellar arteries
Posterior cerebellar arteries
Which cranial nerve emerges from just above the superior cerebellar artery
Trochlear and Oculomotor
Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery are common at the location, often resulting in palsy of the cranial nerve III (oculomotor)
Palsy of oculomotor- eye is displaced downward and outwards
Describe the carotid sinus location and its function
Located at terminal part of the common carotid artery.
It is a pressure receptor which monitors the flow to the head. Sensory nerves from the carotid sinus run in the glossopharyngeal nerve and the vagus nerve
Describe the carotid body and function
Area on the posterior wall of the terminal part of the common carotid artery in the neck. Contains chemoreceptors which are sensitive to low oxygen levels (anoxia) (HR, respectively rate, and BP). Sensory nerves from these receptors run in the glossopharyngeal nerve
Where does the sympathetic motor nerves run from
Plexus enters the skull with the artery through the carotid canal and continues along the main branches of the internal carotid artery
The brain is drained by a series of veins which drain into where?
Dural venous sinuses between the periosteum and the cranial dura
Name the larger intracranial venous sinuses
Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Transverse sinus Sigmoid sinus Confluence cavernous sinus Petrosal sinus Great cerebral vein Superior ophthalmic vein
Into which vein in the neck do the dural venous sinuses drain into
Jugular vein
Through which foramen in the skull does the jugular vein pass through
Jugular foramen
Where does the superior ophthalmic vein drain into
The cavernous sinus within the cranial cavity
What is the superior ophthalmic vein continuous with outside the cranial cavity
Facial vein
What are emissary veins
They connect the cranial venous sinuses with the dipole of the skull containing blood sinuses in the bone marrow, which in turn are continuous with the veins in the superficial fascia overlying the outer part of the skull and scalp
Where are the inferior petrosal sinuses lie
At the base of the brain and are connected to each other by the basilar sinus
What are the grooves in the base of the skull
Cavernous sinus Groove for sigmoid sinus Groove for transverse sinus Groove for confluence of sinus Sagittal sinus
What veins drain into the cavernous sinus
Superior and Inferior ophthalmic veins
What structures in the skull base is the cavernous sinus closely related to
laterally the temporal bone
Pituitary Gand
Sphenoid sinus
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a clinical condition due to a spreading of infection from the nose, sinuses, ears or teeth. How may infections spread to it from these regions
Cavernous sinus receives blood from facial veins, sphenoid and middle cerebral veins. Veins contain no valves and blood can flow in any direction
CST results in bulging eyes and loss of vision, why?
Venous engorgement leads to less perfusion to nerves and also paralysis of the nerves coursing through it and that leads to infarction
Branches from which arteries fuse to form the anterior spinal artery
Intracranial vertebral arteries
Which arteries are the posterior spinal arteries branches of
Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries or Vertebral arteries
What fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space
CSF
What other structures are present in the subarachnoid space
Trabeculum, cerebral veins
What structure does the fall cerebri separate
Cerebral hemisphere
What is the horizontal sheet of dura in the brain
Tentorium cerebelli
To what bony structures does the fall cerebri attach to anteriorly
Crista galli and anterior crinoid process
Which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri
Superior sagittal
Which dural venous sinus runs along the lower border of the fall cerebri
Superior petrosal
What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli
Transverse sinus
To what bony points does the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebella attach to
Posterior clinoid process
Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the fall cerebri to the tentorium
Inferior sagittal sinus
What is the dural fold that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres
Falx cerebelli
What is the fold that surrounds the pituitary stalk called
Diaphragma Sellae
Through which foramen in the skull does the middle meningeal artery enter the cranial cavity
Foramen spinosum
What is the purpose of the middle meningeal artery
Branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the dura mater
Which artery is the maxillary artery a terminal branch of and within which glandular structure is it given off
Facial artery and submandibular gland
Name the features of the lateral ventricle
Anterior horn
Body
Posterior horn
Inferior horn
What is the name given to the specialised structures that lie in the ventricles that generate CSF
Choroid plexus
How does CSF pass into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle
3 foramina
At which location is CSF finally reabsorbed back into general circulation
Superior portion of skull by arachnoid villi at sagittal sinus
Indentations on either side of the groove for the superior sagittal sinus are made by what
Arachnoid granulation (arachnoid villi)
