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Wildland Plant Identification > Week 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Week 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Kingdom we’re studying in

A

Plantae

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2
Q

Gymnosperms (one Division of seed-bearing plants) -

  • definition
  • species examples
  • distinct attributes from Angiosperms
A
  • Definition: “naked seed”
  • Examples: ginkos, conifers
  • Fertilization happens by wind carrying pollen to the female egg/ovule.
  • Seed stays open to the air during all its stages of development
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3
Q

Angiosperms (one Division of seed-bearing plants) -

  • definition
  • plant examples
  • distinct attributes from Gymnosperms
A
  • Definition: “enclosed seed”
  • Examples: most plants! Those that flower.
  • Seed fertilization can happen through several means: wind, insects, birds
  • Seed enclosed in an ovary
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4
Q

Similarity between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

A

Reproduce by the mating of male and female parts to form a seed

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5
Q

Primary difference between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

A

How the seeds are protected

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6
Q

Division we’re primarily studying

A

Angiosperms

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7
Q

Angiosperms - Monocots (attributes)

A
  • One seed leaf
  • Parallel veins in leaves
  • Horizontal rootstalks
  • Floral parts in 3’s
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8
Q

Angiosperms - Dicots (attributes)

A
  • Two seed leaves
  • Netted veins in leaves
  • Tap roots
  • Floral parts in 4’s and 5’s
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9
Q

Examples of Monocots

A
  • Grasses and grass-likes
  • Lilies
  • Orchids
  • Some aquatic plants
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10
Q

Examples of Dicots

A

Most flowering families

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11
Q

Hierarchical Classification path in this course

A

Plants (Plantae) - Kindgom
Vascular Plants (Tracheaobionta) - Subkingdom
Seed Plants (Spermatophyta) - Superdivision
Angiosperms (Magnoliophyta), Gymnosperms (some) - Divisions
Monocots (Lilopsida), Dicots - Classes of Angiosperms
(Won’t worry about Subclasses and Orders)
Families - Many
Subfamilies/Tribes - Many

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12
Q

What is a Subspecies?

A

A population of plants with marked differences from the parent Species, that it passes down to its offspring, but the distinct attributes are not different enough to make it a distinct species.

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13
Q

What is a Variety?

A

Sometimes equivalent to Subspecies, sometimes listed as lower/under Subspecies. Otherwise, the same basic principle as Subspecies.

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14
Q

What is a Cultivar?

A

Man-made varieties, deliberately reproduced by us to emphasize certain desirable properties: color, disease resistance, elevation tolerance, etc. Now seeing some distinct species created via DNA manipulation.

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15
Q

Plural of “genus”

A

Genera

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16
Q

Plural of “species”

A

Species

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17
Q

Plural of sp. (species abbreviation)

A

spp.

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18
Q

What is a species?

A

Used to define a species as a distinct population of plants that have common attributes and cannot interbreed with other species. This isn’t always the case, however, and plants are the most notorious for cross-breeding.

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19
Q

What is a hybrid?

A

When species do cross-breed, the offspring are referred to as “hybrids”. Often they are infertile offspring (such as a mule), but sometimes they do have viable offspring.

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20
Q

Plant Database authority for this class

A

NRCS Plant Database

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21
Q

What are “Diagnostic Characteristics”?

A

Plant attributes used in plant identification

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22
Q

What are “life forms”?

A

Types of plants like trees, shrubs, vines, herbaceous plants.

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23
Q

Definition of a “woody plant”

A

Have at least a wooden stem

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24
Q

Definition of “tree”

A

Plants with:

  • a persistent woody stem
  • that comes out of the ground as a single stalk
  • and grows under normal conditions to a height of 15-20’.
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25
Q

Definition of “shrub”

A

Plants with:

  • persistent woody stems
  • but often have two or more stems coming out of the ground or branch into multiple stems near the ground level
  • and usually grow up to a height of about 15’.
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26
Q

Definition of “herbacious plants”

A

Plants lack a woody stem, such as grasses, forbs, and grass-likes.

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27
Q

Ditty to remember differences between sedges, rushes, and grasses

A

“Sedges have edges, rushes are round, and grasses have nodes that are easily found.” (most of the time, but not always)

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28
Q

Stem characteristics used for identification

A
  • Number
  • Branching pattern
  • Color/texture of bark
  • Leaf location (opposite/alternate)
  • Prickles/spines/etc.
  • Hairs
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29
Q

Glandular

A

Has glands

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30
Q

Bidentate

A

Has 2 teeth

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31
Q

Trifoliate

A

Has 3 leaves

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32
Q

Glabrous

A

Without hairs

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33
Q

Pubescent

A

Covered with short, soft hairs

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34
Q

Genticulate

A

Bent abruptly (like knees)

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35
Q

Root characteristics used for identification

A

Tap root, horizontal rootstalks(, rhizomes/stolons)

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36
Q

Twig characteristics used for identification

A
  • Opposite/alternate
  • Presence/type of hairs
  • Nature/color of bark
  • Glabrous/glaucous
  • Lenticels/glands
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37
Q

Glaucous

A

Waxy coating that easily rubs off

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38
Q

Leaf characteristics used for identification

A
  • Opposite/alternate
  • Margins
  • Venation
  • Simple/compound
  • Presence/type of hairs
  • Dorsal/ventral
  • Thickness/texture
    (Leaf size/length is NOT a distinguishing feature)
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39
Q

What side of a leaf is the dorsal side?

A

The top

40
Q

What side of a leaf is the ventral side?

A

The bottom

41
Q

What is a bract?

A

Modified leaves, located under the flowers

42
Q

Perianth

A

The “floral envelope”, consisting of calyx and corolla

43
Q

Sepal

A

A member of the calyx practs, usually green and subtending the petals

44
Q

Calyx

A

The sepals of a flower considered collectively, usually green bracts

45
Q

Petal

A

A part or member of the corolla, usually brightly colored

46
Q

Corolla

A

All of the petals considered collectively

47
Q

Stamen

A

The pollen-producing structure of a flower; typically an anther borne at the apex of a filament

48
Q

Filament

A

The stalk of a stamen supporting the anther

49
Q

Anther

A

The part of the stamen in which pollen develops

50
Q

Pistil

A

The female reproductive organ of the flower, consisting of:

  • stigma
  • style
  • ovary
51
Q

Stigma

A

The apical portion of the pistil that receives the pollen

52
Q

Style

A

The slender, elongated portion of the pistil which bears the stigma at its apex

53
Q

Ovary

A

The expanded basal part of the pistil that contains the ovules

54
Q

Pedicel

A

The stalk of a spikelet or single flower in an inflorescence

55
Q

Peduncle

A

The stalk of a flower cluster or spikelet cluster

56
Q

Ray flower

A

Flowers on the outer edge of a head, resembling petals

57
Q

Disk flower

A

Flowers on the disk portion of a head

58
Q

Perfect flower

A

Flowers with both functional stamens and pistil; bisexual

59
Q

Imperfect flower

A

Flowers with only stamens or pistils but not both, unisexual

60
Q

Monoecious plants

A

Plants with male and female flowers at different locations on the same plant; all flowers unisexual

61
Q

Dioecious plants

A

Unisex flowers on different plants; pistillate and staminate flowers on separate plants

62
Q

Regular flowers

A

All petals and sepals are the same on a flower

63
Q

Irregular flowers

A

Petals consist of different structures/take different forms on the same flower

64
Q

Annual

A

Plants that do not live more than one year; grow from seed

65
Q

Biennial

A

Plants that live 2 years; grow vegetatively the first year, then flower and set seed the 2nd year

66
Q

Perennial

A

Plants that live more than 2 years

67
Q

Browsing

A

Consuming portions of woody plants

68
Q

Grazing

A

Consuming growing and/or standing grasses or forbs

69
Q

Decreaser

A

A native plant that responds to grazing by decreasing in density, become a smaller proportion of the overall plant community, usually because it is a favored species, weaken their ability to grow and compete for nutrients/sunlight/water or kill them outright

70
Q

Increaser

A

A native plants that responds to grazing by increasing in density, become a larger proportion of the overall plant community, usually because it is an unfavored species, and resulting increased competitiveness with decreasers

71
Q

Invader

A

A non-native/introduced species either deliberately or not; become established in a community due to competitive advantage or natives being weakened due to overgrazing or other reasons
(a plant’s relationship to the native plant community)

72
Q

Cool season grass

A

Category of grasses that:

  • grow in northern regions
  • begin/renew growth in early spring
  • go dormant in summer/hot weather
  • may regrow in fall (if sufficient moisture)
  • go dormant over winter (or die if annual)
73
Q

Warm season grass

A

Category of grasses that:

  • grow in southern regions
  • begin/renew growth late in spring or summer
  • grow through fall
  • dormant in winter (or die if annual)
74
Q

Auricle

A

Ear-shaped lobes, such as at the base of leaf blades of some grasses

75
Q

Awn

A

The extension of a vein beyond the leaf-like tissue

76
Q

Crown

A

The persistent base of a herbaceous perennial

77
Q

Culm

A

The hollow or pithy jointed stem or stalk of a grass, sedge, or rush

78
Q

Floret

A

Lemma and palea with included flower of the Poaceae; disk flowers of the Asteraceae

79
Q

Glumes

A

The pair of bracts at the base of a spikelet in grasses

80
Q

Inflorescence

A

The arrangement of flowers on an axis subtended by a leaf or portion thereof

81
Q

Internode

A

The part of a stem between two successive nodes

82
Q

Lemma

A

Abaxial bract of the floret that subtends the grass flower and palea

83
Q

Ligule

A

In Poaceae and some Cyperaceae, the appendage, membrane, or ring of hairs on the adaxial side of a leaf at the junction of the sheath and blade; in Asteraceae, the strap-shaped corolla of a ray flower

84
Q

Node

A

Joints along a stem where leaves are borne; a joint in a stem or inflorescence

85
Q

Leaf sheath

A

The lower part of a leaf that encloses the stem

86
Q

Leaf blade

A

The part of the leaf above the sheath, petiole, or petiolule

87
Q

Rhizome

A

An underground stem with nodes, scale-like leaves, and short internodes

88
Q

Spikelet

A

The unit of inflorescence in grasses usually consisting of two glumes, one or more florets, and a rachilla

89
Q

Stem

A

The portion of the plant bearing nodes, internodes, leaves, and buds

90
Q

Stolon

A

A horizontal, above-ground, modified propagating stem with nodes, internodes, and leaves

91
Q

Tiller

A

A shoot from an adventitious bud at the base of a plant

92
Q

Native species

A

Evolved in the location where found

93
Q

Introduced species

A

Non-native species, whether intentional or unintentional

94
Q

Naturalized species

A

Non-native species that have become ubiquitous

95
Q

Rachis

A

The axis of a spike, spicate raceme, or raceme inflorescence or pinnately compound leaf

96
Q

Rachilla

A

A small axis; applied especially to the axis of a spikelet

Wildland Plant Identification (31 decks)

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