Week 1 studying Flashcards
List the doses for:
1) Lisinopril
2) Losartan
1) Start at 5mg, max 80mg
2) Start at 25-50mg, max 100mg
List 2 indications for thiazides
HTN and HF
Thiazides are typically not effective if eGFR < 30-40 mL/min (CKD stage 3B). What is the exception?
Exception is metolazone (Zaroxolyn); which is not useful for monotherapy but improves diuresis when used with loop diuretic (furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid)
What should you give old people with just isolated systolic HTN?
CCBs
When should you use hydralazine?
Acute crisis with end organ damage
True or false: Both the medications that act on alpha 1 and alpha 2 oppose the effects of the sympathetic nervous system and decrease smooth muscle contraction
True
True or false: Alpha 1 receptors constrict smooth muscles, alpha 2 receptors relax them
True
Give 3 examples of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists
1) Clonidine
2) Guanfacine
3) Methyldopa
What does spironolactone do to postassium?
Causes it to be excreted from the body
What is the dose for spironolactone?
12.5-50mg
What drug is a vasodilator that doesn’t really affect contractility?
Amlodipine (dihydropyridine CCB)
What drug class may increase lithium?
ACEis
What should you make sure to use for a pt with CKD?
ACEi or ARB (unless hyperkalemia is present)
In what condition will you see an increase in creatinine clearance after Tx?
Renal vascular disease
What is the gold standard test for renal parenchymal disease?
Ultrasound
Describe the 3 parts of the left bundle branch
Septal fascicle – depolarizes the septum left to right direction (Q wave)
Anterior fascicle – runs along anterior wall of left ventricle
Posterior fascicle – runs along the posterior wall
What delivers electrical current to the ventricular myocardium?
Purkinje fibers
Why is the first part of the T wave upward instead of downward?
Because it’s going away from the electrode
What does the QT interval measure?
Measures time from be beginning of ventricular depole to end of ventricular repole
What are the 3 anterior leads?
V2, V3, V4
List the positions of all the EKG leads around the heart
Left lateral leads include what? (4)
I, aVL, V5, V6
What are the inferior leads?
II, III, aVF
What are the 2 right lateral leads?
aVR and V1
The direction of average current flow is called what?
Vector
The vector of atrial depole points in what direction?
Right to left & slightly inferior
What is the normal range of a P vector?
0-70 degrees
What is the difference between a PR interval and segment?
Interval includes the P wave, segment does not
0.2 sec is how many boxes?
1 large box
1mV is how many boxes?
2 large boxes
How many boxes is 0.1mV?
1 small box
