Week 1 HTN practice questions Flashcards
Which of the following drugs are considered first-line oral antihypertensives for outpatient BP management of chronic HTN in pregnancy? Select all that apply
a) Lisinopril
b) Spironolactone
c) Labetalol
d) Amlodipine
e) Nifedipine
f) Verapamil
c) Labetalol
e) Nifedipine
Resistant HTN is persistent HTN despite 3 or more drugs. What is the caveat to this?
a) One of those drugs must be a beta blocker
b) One of those drugs must be an ACEi or ARB
c) One of those drugs must be a diuretic.
d) The patient must be non-compliant with Tx.
c) One of those drugs must be a diuretic.
Tolerance to thiazides or “braking” effect may be mitigated with the addition of which of the following?
a) Aldosterone inhibitor (spironolactone)
b) CCB (amlodipine)
c) ACEi (fosinopril)
d) ARB (losartan)
a) Aldosterone inhibitor (spironolactone)
Angioplasty is tx of choice for which type of renal vascular disease?
a) Atherosclerotic disease
b) Fibromuscular disease
c) Kidney transplant
d) Renal vein stenosis
b) Fibromuscular disease
Which of the following is considered a Sx of target organ damage?
a) Mild Headache
b) Nausea
c) Palpitations
d) Epistaxis
e) Dizziness
e) Dizziness
A patient’s average BP is 137/85. Which classification of HTN do they have?
a) Elevated
b) Normal
c) HTN stage 2
d) HTN stage 1
d) HTN stage 1
Microalbumin:creatinine ratio is recommended annually in all patients with ___________.
a) HTN
b) DM
c) Renal artery stenosis
d) HF
b) DM
With subclavian steel syndrome, blood flows from left vertebral artery to basilar to right subclavian artery to right arm resulting in potential ___________CNS ischemia
a) Posterior
b) Anterior
c) Lateral
d) Inferior
a) Posterior
Which of the following are the 2 most likely causes of secondary HTN in kids?
a) Coarctation of aorta and renal parenchymal disease
b) Coarctation of aorta and renal fibromuscular dysplasia
c) Renal parenchymal disease and renal fibromuscular dysplasia
d) Smoking and caffeine use
a) Coarctation of aorta and renal parenchymal disease
Which of the following are renal parenchymal diseases? Select all that apply.
a) Glomerulonephritis
b) Renal fibromuscular dysplasia
c) Polycystic kidney disease
d) Renal artery stenosis
e) Kidney transplant
a) Glomerulonephritis
c) Polycystic kidney disease
Which of the following is NOT a sign of renal parenchymal disease?
a) Early-onset and resistant HTN
b) Frequent UTIs
c) Hematuria or nocturia
d) Family history of polycystic kidney disease
e) Elevated serum creatinine level
f) Late-onset and resistant HTN
d) Family history of polycystic kidney disease
How long do you need to wait after a patient sits down to take a BP reading?
a) 3 minutes
b) 5 minutes
c) 10 minutes
d) 15 minutes
b) 5 minutes
True or false: Treatment of HTN reduces ALL causes of mortality and results in regression of pathologic cardiac structural changes.
True
Improved glycemic control for patients with diabetes is a part of the recommended medical approach in which of the following renal issues?
a) Glomerulonephritis
b) Renal fibromuscular dysplasia
c) Polycystic kidney disease
d) Renal artery stenosis
e) Kidney transplant
d) Renal artery stenosis
Who should be screened for elevated BP annually? Select all that apply
a) Anyone 60+
b) Anyone 40+
c) Anyone 18+ with elevated risks
d) Anyone 18+
e) Anyone with elevated risks
b) Anyone 40+
c) Anyone 18+ with elevated risks
Unprovoked hypokalemia further supports the diagnosis of what? (although is not present on the majority of cases)
a) Primary hyperaldosteronism
b) Secondary hyperaldosteronism
c) Primary hypoaldosteronism
d) Secondary hypoaldosteronism
a) Primary hyperaldosteronism
Which of the following are Sx of end-organ cardiac damage? Select all that apply
a) Cardiac PMI displacement (enlarged LV)
b) S3 gallop (stiff LV)
c) S4 gallop (stiff LV)
d) Bruits of peripheral pulses (incl. renal)
e) Bruits of proximal pulses (incl. renal)
a) Cardiac PMI displacement (enlarged LV)
c) S4 gallop (stiff LV)
d) Bruits of peripheral pulses (incl. renal)
A patient has been taking 50mg of hydrochlorothiazide. Is this an appropriate dose; why or why not?
a) Yes, this is the maximum daily dose (50mg)
b) No, this is above the maximum daily dose (25mg)
c) Yes, this is a moderate dose (25-100mg)
d) No, this is below the minimum daily dose (100mg)
b) No, this is above the maximum daily dose (25mg)
Which of the following meds is gout a contraindication for?
a) Thiazides
b) CCBs
c) ACEis
d) ARBs
a) Thiazides
In patients 18 and older with _________, treatment should include ACEi or ARB
a) HTN
b) CKD
c) DM
d) CA
b) CKD
(Not C bc it only needs to be used with DM if there’s microalbuminuria)
