Week 1 revision

Question 1

The optimal way to diagnose insomnia in the elderly is to:
A. Undertake an in-laboratory sleep study
B. Undertake a home sleep study
C. Take a history regarding mental health & perceived daytime deficits
D. Take a history regarding subjective sleep quality

Answer 1

E. Both B and D

Question 2

Which of the following are symptoms/signs of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) that are likely seen in an elderly patient with daytime sleepiness?
A.	Snoring with witnessed apnoea
B.	Overweight & obesity
C.	Hypertension
D.	All the above
E.	A and B but not C

Answer 2

E. A and B, but not C

Question 3

Which piece of advice would you not give a patient with difficult sleeping?
A. Keep the bedroom dark
B. If when checking the clock it’s been 15-20 minutes of wakefulness, then get out of bed
C. Use relaxation techniques and/or imagery
D. Avoid exercise within 3 hours of sleep
E. Limit alcohol after 4pm

Answer 3

E. Limit alcohol after 4pm

Question 4

There is an increase in reaction time between the age of 20 and 60 years of age. Which of the following will exacerbate the effect of slower reflexes?
A.	Reduced power
B.	Duel tasking
C.	Deficits in the basal ganglia
D.	Cerebellar disorders
E.	All of the above

Answer 4

E. All of the above

Question 5

Sarcopenia is characterised by:
A. Reduce fibre size, but increased fibre number
B. Proportionally, reduction in type II fibres compared to type I fibres
C. Proportionally, increase in type II fibres compared to type I fibres
D. Increase number of Z bands
E. Increased number of sarcomeres

Answer 5

B. Proportionally, reduction in type II fibres compared to type I fibres

Question 6

What is the difference between cachexia and sarcopenia?
A. Both sarcopenia and cachexia respond to progressive resistance training
B. Sarcopenia responds to progressive resistance training, cachexia responds to isometric training
C. 80% of 50-year old’s have some sarcopenia, 20% of 80-year old’s have cachexia
D. 50% of 80-year old’s have sarcopenia, 25% of 80-year old’s have cachexia
E. Sarcopenia is age and activity related, cachexia is illness related.

Answer 6

E. Sarcopenia is age and activity related, cachexia is illness related.

Question 7

7. A fit active older person will have a lower VO2 max compared to a fit active younger person. This is a result of:
   A. Age related sarcopenia
   B. Thinner basement membrane resulting in increased compliance of the vessel walls
   C. Reduced contractility of the vessel walls resulting in reduced ventricular filling efficiency
   D. Thicker basement membrane resulting in increased compliance of the vessel walls resulting in reduced ventricular filling efficiency system.
   E. Increased contractility of the vessel walls resulting in reduced ventricular filling efficiency

Answer 7

C. Reduced contractility of the vessel walls resulting in reduced ventricular filling efficiency

Question 8

Elder abuse is frequently not reported. This is because:
A. The victim is always demented and cannot report the abuse
B. A substantial proportion of victim are cognitively impaired and are unlikely to be believed
C. The abuser is most often a woman in a powerful position, so can prevent the abuse report going forward.
D. The abuser is likely to be a stranger and the victim may not recognise them again (or may not have seen them).
E. b and c

Answer 8

B. A substantial proportion of victim are cognitively impaired and are unlikely to be believed

Question 9

When an older person gets sick, or is injured their ability to recover is related to
A.	How old they are
B.	How much social support they have
C.	How many co-morbidities they have
D.	How fit they were before the incident
E.	All of the above

Answer 9

E. All of the above