Week 1 RAS live Lecture 2 Flashcards
17) Primary pathways vs. secondary pathways
17) Differences
a) Primary pathways:
i) Basic housekeeping functions.
ii) Present in essentially all cells
iii) Largely constitutive (usually not regulated)
b) Secondary pathways:
i) Specialized functions
ii) Present in differentiated cells
iii) Inducible (regulatable
18) What is the Glycolysis reaction, where does it happen, what is its functions?
18) Glycolysis:
a) Sugar (6C) pyruvate (2 x 3C)
b) Functions:
i) ATP and NADH production (energy)
ii) Intermediates for biosynthesis
c) Happens in Cytosol
19) What is the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) reaction, where does it happen, what is its functions?
19) PPP:
a) Functions:
i) Generating C5 sugars and NADPH for biosynthesis
ii) Intermediates for biosynthesis
iii) Breakdown route for C5 sugars
b) Happens in Cytosol
20) When is glycolysis used and when is PPP used?
20) PPP is used when the cells needs to biosynthesis and/or NADPH and glycolysis is used to make energy. They both make pyruvate.
21) What is The link reaction, where does it happen, what is its functions?
21) The link reaction:
a) pyruvate acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH uses pyruvate dehydrogenase as the enzyme
b) Functions:
i) NADH production (energy)
ii) Is a source of acetyl CoA
iii) Process pyruvate
c) Happens in the mitochondria
22) What is the krebs cycle, where does it happen, what is its functions?
22) Functions:
a) Generating GTP and NADH for biosynthesis
b) Intermediates for biosynthesis
c) Happens in mitochondria
23) What are the krebs cycle precursors?
23) Include
a) Amino acids:
i) -ketoglutarate
ii) Oxaloacetate
b) Fatty acids:
i) Citrate
c) Porphyrins:
i) Succinyl CoA
24) What is anaplerotic mechanism?
24) A mechanism used to top-up intermediates.
a) E.g. the krebs cycle
i) Pyruvate can be used to top up oxaloacetate
25) Why is a cycle good for a precursor supply system?
25) Any extra supply of any intermediate of the cycle can be used to top it up
26) What is the mitochondrial electron transport system reaction, where does it happen, what is its functions?
26) Functions:
i) Generating ATP (via NADH and FADH2) + GTP
ii) Maintaining redon balance (NADH NAD)
b) Happens in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
27) What is the β- oxidation of fatty acids reaction, where does it happen, what is its functions?
27) Fatty acids acetyl CoA
a) Functions:
i) Extracting energy from lipi dstores
ii) Generating 2-carbon units for biosynthesis
b) Happens in the mitochondria
