Week 1: Protein synthesis

Question 1

Where is the blueprint for protein synthesis stored?

Answer 1

It is the DNA within the nucleus of cells.

Question 2

What are the 2 major steps in protein synthesis?

Answer 2

• Transcription
• Translation

Question 3

What does proteome refer to?

Answer 3

All of an organism’s proteins.

Question 4

What is meant by the term gene expression?

Answer 4

The process by which a gene’s DNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific protien.

Question 5

What occurs during protein synthesis transcription?

Answer 5

The DNA double helix in the nucleus is converted into a single strand of RNA. This RNA exits the nucleus via nuclear pores and enters the cytoplasm.

Question 6

What are the 3 types of RNA made from the DNA template?

Answer 6

• Messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 7

What occurs during protein synthesis translation?

Answer 7

The single strand RNA molecule attaches to a ribosome.
The ribosome translates the RNA genetic code into a sequence of amino acids. As the ribosome moves along the RNA molecule it progressively links amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein.