Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organ Systems- Heme > Week 1 pharmacology > Flashcards

Week 1 pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of iron is used in oral iron therapy?

A

ferrous salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is ferrous sulfate administered?

A

oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the types of orally administered iron therapy drugs?

A

ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous fumarate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the indication for oral iron therapy?

A

iron deficiency anemia, common in growing children and menstrating/pregnant women when iron demands are higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are adverse effects of oral iron therapy?

A

black stools, nausea, cramps, constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are indications for parenteral iron therapy?

A

those unable to tolerate oral dosing, extensive anemia not maintained with oral dose alone, chronic renal disease with hemodialysis, gastrectomy conditions, bowel resection, IBS, malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the treatment challenges for parenteral iron therapy?

A

inorganic free ferric iron produces serious dose dependent toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 forms of parenteral iron therapy?

A
  1. colloidal

2. Iron dextran

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is iron dextran administered?

A

IV and IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Toxic effects of iron dextran

A

headache, light-headedness, fever, arthralgias, N/V, back pain, flushing, urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis and death, iron overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the effects of acute iron toxicity in young children?

A

necrotizing gastroenteritis, V and abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, shock, lethargy, improvement followed by severe acidosis, coma, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the drug mechanism of deferoxamine?

A

iron chelating agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is deferoxamine administered?

A

IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is deferoxamine excreted?

A

bile and urine, red discoloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the adverse effects of deferoxamine?

A

tachycardia, hypotension, shock, add to CV collapse caused by iron toxicity, abdominal discomfort, N/V, diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the indication for deferoxamine?

A

acute iron toxicity (ingestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the ways to detoxify due to ingestion of iron?

A

whole bowel irrigation (NOT CHARCOAL), deferoxamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is deferasirox administered?

A

oral in OJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is deferasirox exreted?

A

feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are indications for deferasirox?

A

Chronic iron toxicity due to inherited or acquired hemochromatosis or pt that recieve lots of transfusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Deficiency of ____ causes megaloblastic anemia and neurological syndromes

A

B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Symptoms of b12

A

megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia, neurological syndromes, hematologic abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Common causes of b12

A

pernicious anemia, gastrectomy

24
Q

What type of B12 therapy is usually used?

A

IM, because most cases are due to malabsorption

25
Q

What are the 2 ways B12 is available?

A

cyanocoblamin, hydroxocobalamin

26
Q

What is the preferred B12 vitamin?

A

hydroxocobalamin: more highly protein bound, remains in circulation longer

27
Q

Who is considered high risk for folate deficiency?

A

pregnant women, pt with alcohol dependence, hemolytic anemia, liver disease, skin diseases, patients on renal dialysis

28
Q

____ folic acid orally daily is sufficient to reverse megaloblastic anemia.

A

1mg

29
Q

Which drugs induce folate deficiency?

A

methotrexate, trimethoprim, pyrimethoprim, pyrimethamine, phenytoin,

30
Q

How does phenytoin produce folate deficiency?

A

inhibits intestinal uptake process

31
Q

Of the drugs that induce folate deficiency, which are less likely to do so because of affinity?

A

trimethoprim, pyrimethamine

32
Q

What is the relationship between folate and depression?

A

more folate, less depression

33
Q

What is the indication for leucovorin?

A

reduced folate

34
Q

What is the mechanism of leucovorin?

A

rescues cells from the effects of folate antagonists

35
Q

What is the biologically active form of folate found in the circulation

A

levomefolate

36
Q

_____ readily crosses the blood brain barrier where it modulates the formation of monoamines serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamin.

A

levomefolate

37
Q

How is leucovorin administered

A

oral, IM, IV

38
Q

mechanism of epoetin alfa

A

agonsit of EPO resceptors, stimulates RBC proliferation and differentiation, retic release from bone marrow

39
Q

Administration of epoetin alfa

A

IV or SC 1-3 x a week

40
Q

Treatment use of epoetin alfa

A

anamia (esp associated with chronic renal failure), prevention of need for transfusion, offset anemia produced by zidovudine

41
Q

What are the more common effects of epoetin alfa?

A

HTN, headache, arthralgias, nausea

42
Q

What are less likely adverse effects of epoetin?

A

edema, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, asthenia, chest pain, dizziness, skin reaction, seizures

43
Q

What are the black box warnings for epoteins?

A

CKD: increase risk of death, Cancer: shortened survival, increase risk of tumor progression

44
Q

How is darbepoietin alfa administered?

A

IV or SC once weekly

45
Q

How is darbepoietin alfa different from epoietin alfa?

A

it is a long lasting, glycosylated form

46
Q

How is methoxy peg-epoietin administered?

A

IV or SC 1-2x a month

47
Q

Mechanism of G-CSF filgrastim

A

stimulate G-CSF receptors on mature neutrophils and their progenitors; stimulates proliferation, differentiation, activates phagocytic activity, extends survival, mobilize SC

48
Q

_____ permits use of PBSC rather than bone marrow SC for stem cell transplant.

A

G-CSF

49
Q

Indications of G-CSF

A

neutropenia, prevention of neutrpenia, mobilization of SC for PBSC transplant

50
Q

Adverse effects of G-CSF (filgrastim)

A

bone pain, splenic rupture

51
Q

GM-CSF acts with ____ to stimulate T cell proliferation

A

IL-2

52
Q

Mechanism of GM-CSF

A

stimulates proliferation and differentiation of early and late granulocytic progenitor cells, erythroid, and megakaryocyte progenitors. Stimulates function of mature neutrophils, mobilizes PBSC

53
Q

Is GM or G-CSF better at mobilizing PBSC

A

G-CSF

54
Q

____ appears to be a locally active factor at the site of inflamation

A

GM-CSF

55
Q

How is G-CSF (filgrastim) administered?

A

SC

56
Q

How is GM-CSF (sargramostim) administered?

A

SC

57
Q

Adverse effects of GM-CSF

A

like G-CSF (bone pain, ruptured spleen), fever, arthralgia, myalgia, capillary leak syndrome

Organ Systems- Heme (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions