Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organ Systems- Heme > H&M chp 1 > Flashcards

H&M chp 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Site of haemopoiesis for fetus 0-2 monthes

A

yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Site of haemopoiesis for fetus 2-7 monthes

A

liver, spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Site of haemopoiesis for fetus 5-9 monthes

A

bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Site of haemopoiesis for infants

A

bone marrow of practically all bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Site of haemopoiesis for adults

A

vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull, sacrum, pelvis, proximal ends of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is extramedullary haemopoiesis?

A

ability of liver and spleen to resume their fetal haemopoietic role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are haemangioblasts?

A

these stem cells are the common precursors to endothelial and haemopoietic cells. They are found in the AGM region and are believed to seed the liver and spleen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are haemopietic stem cells found?

A

bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

phenotype of haemopoietic stem cells?

A

CD34+ CD38-, neg for lineage markers, small lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CFU-GEMM

A

the earliest detectable mixed myeloid precursor which gibes rise to granulocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes, and megakaryocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The bone marrow is composed of ____ and ____.

A

stromal cells, microvascular network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The stromal cells include

A

adipocytes, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of stromal cells

A

secrete extracellular molecules including collagen, glycoproteins (fibronectin, thrombospondin), glycosaminoglycan (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin derivatives) to form the matrix. Secrete growth factors for stem cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stem cell is critical in stromal cell formation?

A

mesenchymal stem cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do mesenchymal stem cells do?

A

with osteoblasts, they form niches, provide growth factors, adhesion molecules, and cytokines to support stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What process allows stem cells to traffic around the body? What cytokine is involved?

A

Mobilization, G-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What chemokine gradient is critical for homing?

A

SDF-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What interactions are critical for maintaining stem cell viability and production?

A

SCF and jagged proteins on stroma and their receptors KIT and NOTCH (respectively)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is SCF?

A

stem cell factor which is expressed on stromal cells. It binds to receptor KIT, which is a critical interaction for maintaining stem cell viability and production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are jagged proteins?

A

They are expressed on stromal cells and bind receptor NOTCH on stem cells. This interaction is crucial in stem cell viability and production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is SDF-1?

A

stromal-derived factor 1, its chemokine gradient is critical to stem cell homing

22
Q

What is self -renewal?

A

Haemopoiesis starts with stem cell division in which one cell replaces the stem cell and the other is commited to differentiation

23
Q

Why do early committed progenitors express low levels of transcription factors?

A

they may commit them to discrete cell lineages

24
Q

What are haemopoietic growth factors?

A

glycoprotein hormones that regulate proliferation and differentiation of haemopoietic progenitor cells and the function of mature blood cells

25
Q

____ are the major source of growth factors.

A

Stromal cells

26
Q

Where is erythropoietin made?

A

kidney

27
Q

Where is thrombopoietin made?

A

liver

28
Q

_____ and _____ have a negative effect on haemopoieses and may have a role in the development of aplastic anemia.

A

TNF and TGF-B

29
Q

Dimerization of a receptor leads to activation of a complex series of intracellular signal transduction pathways of which the 3 major ones are:

A

JAK/STAT, mitogen activated protein (MAP), and the phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase pathways

30
Q

Transcription factors typically contain what 2 domains?

A

DNA binding and activation

31
Q

Haemopoetic tissue occupies about ___% of the marrow space in adults

A

50

32
Q

How common is the haemopoetic stem cell?

A

1 in every 20 million nucleated cells in bone marrow

33
Q

Are haemopoietic stem cells effectively transferred during transplant?

A

yes

34
Q

What are the functions of growth factors in the bone marrow?

A

stimulate proliferation of early bone marrow cells, direct differentiation, stimulate maturation, suppress apopotsis, affect function of non-dividing cells

35
Q

What cytokine has an important role in early haemopoiesis?

A

IL-3

36
Q

What is the function of TPO?

A

BFUemeg–> CFU meg

37
Q

What is the function of EPO?

A

BFUe–> CFUe

38
Q

What is the function of M-CSF?

A

CFUgm–> CFUm

39
Q

What is the function of G-CSF?

A

CFUgm–> CFUg

40
Q

What is the function of IL-5?

A

CFUeo–> eosinophil

41
Q

Granulocyte and monocyte formation can be stimulated by infection or inflammation through release of ___.

A

IL-1 and TNF

42
Q

____ phosphorylate downstream proteins targets and are regulated by cyclins.

A

Cdk

43
Q

___ are synthesized and degrarded in the cell cycle and regulate Cdk

A

cyclins

44
Q

Apoptosis results from the action of ____.

A

incracellular cysteine proteases called caspases which are activated following cleavage and lead to endonuclease digestion of DNA and disintegration of the cell skeleton

45
Q

FAS and TNF-R receptor have a _________ domain.

A

intracellular death

46
Q

What are DNA-binding domains?

A

leucine zipper or helix-loop-helix

47
Q

____ regulate migration of white cells

A

chemokines

48
Q

____ are involved in cell adhesion to ECM

A

integrins

49
Q

____ are involved in leukocyte and platelet adhesion to endothelium during inflammation and coagulation

A

selectin

50
Q

Does p53 have a role in the transduction pathway of growth factors?

A

NO- it has an important role in sensing DNA damage

Organ Systems- Heme (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions