Week 1 - Overview Of The GI Tract

Question 1

What structure marks the start of the oesophagus in endoscopy?

Answer 1

Cricopharyngeal sphincter

Question 2

What level can the indentation of the left main bronchus be observed at?

Answer 2

T5

Question 3

What level can the pulsation of the left atrium be observed at?

Answer 3

T6-T7

Question 4

Where does the diaphragm usually cuff the oesophagus?

Answer 4

At or below the oesophagogastric mucosal junction

Question 5

What occurs in a hiatus hernia?

Answer 5

Weakness in the oesophageal hiatus allows the cardia and fundus of the stomach to herniate into the thorax

Question 6

Outline the arterial supply of the upper two thirds of the oesophagus.

Answer 6

1. Inferior thyroid artery

2. Aortic branches

Question 7

Outline the venous drainage of the upper two thirds of the oesophagus into the systemic circulation.

Answer 7

Inferior thyroid vein

Azygous branches

Question 8

Outline the arterial supply of the lower one third of the oesophagus.

Answer 8

Left gastric branch of the coeliac trunk

Inferior phrenic