Week 1 - Introduction to the GI Tract Flashcards
Where does the incisura angularis lie? What does it mark the division between?
Lesser curve
Marks the division between the body and pyloric antrum
Where are gastric ulcers most commonly found?
Lesser curve at the angulus
What structure is the duodenojejunal flexure supported by?
The ligament of Treitz
Outline the course of the duodenum.
- Commences at L1 to right of midline
- Curves around at L2/L3 to the right of the midline and duodenojejunal flexure
- Starts intraperitoneally but becomes retroperitoneal along its course
How long is the first/superior part of the duodenum?
5 cm long
Outline how gallstone ileus may result.
- Gallstones may cause erosion from the gall bladder to the first part of the duodenum
- Formation of choledocoduodenal fistula
- Gallstones travel through the small bowel and eventually obstructs the lumen
What is the name of the section of the duodenum that joins on to the stomach? Why is this section of particular clinical significance?
Duodenal bulb
Common site for ulcers
What is the cecum?
A large bulge in the GI tract that follows on from the end of the ileum (terminal ileum) and marks the start of the large intestine. It is a common site for attachment of the appendix
What is the role of microvilli?
Present on the surface of the small intestine to further enlarge its contact area with luminal contents and increase the overall surface area for absorption
What is the most common site for peptic ulceration in the GI tract?
Duodenum
peptic ulceration is an umbrella term for stomach + duodenal ulcers
What is the first part of the duodenum?
Duodenal cap
What is the second part of the duodenum?
The descending portion
What is the third part of the duodenum?
The horizontal portion
What is the fourth part of the duodenum?
The ascending portion
Which part of the duodenum do the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct open out into? What is this opening controlled by?
2nd part of duodenum - descending portion
Sphincter of Oddi
