Week 1 OMK Objectives

Question 1

Define the below core competency of osteopathic medicine

Osteopathic Philosophy and Osteopathic manipulative medicine

Answer 1

To demonstrate and apply knowledge and of accepted standards of OMT appropriate to their specialty. To be a skilled and competent practitioner dedicated to life-long learning and practice of OMT.

Question 2

Define the below core competency of osteopathic medicine

Medical knowledge

Answer 2

Demonstrate and apply knowledge of accepted standards of clinical medicine, remain apprised of new developments, participate in life-long learning activities including research.

Question 3

Define the below core competency of osteopathic medicine

Patient care

Answer 3

Effectively treat patients, provide medical care that incorporates osteopathic philosophy, patient empathy, awareness of behavioral issues, the incorporation of preventative medicine, and health promotion.

Question 4

Define the below core competency of osteopathic medicine

Interpersonal and communication skills

Answer 4

Demonstrate interpersonal and communication skills that enable them to establish a relationship with patients, families, and other members of the health-care team.

Question 5

Define the below core competency of osteopathic medicine

Professionalism

Answer 5

Uphold the osteopathic oath in the conduct of professional activities that prmote advocacy of patient welfare, adhearence to ethical prinicples, collaboration with health professionals, life-long learning, and sensitivity to a diverse patient population. Be aware of one’s own physical and mental health in order to more effectively care for the patient.

Question 6

Define the below core competency of osteopathic medicine

Practice-based learning and improvement

Answer 6

Demonstrate the ability to critically evaluate their methods of clinical practice, integrate evidence-based medicine into patient care, show an understanding of research methods, and improve patient care practices.

Question 7

Define the below core competency of osteopathic medicine

Systems-based practice

Answer 7

Demonstrate an understanding of health care delivery systems, provide effective and qualitative patient care within the system, and practice cost-effective medicine.

Question 8

Describe the structural components of the Team-based learning process

Answer 8

1. Pre-reading: Students are given 30- 50 pages of reading to do prior to class in order to prepare for the lecture.
2. ) iRAT: individual tests meant to hold the student accountable for the reading material.
3. ) tRAT: the same test but taken as a team with the scratch off cards
4. ) Appeals: an opportunity to defend an answer, or return to the reading material and determine what the correct asnwer was
5. ) Mini-Lecture: focusing on the material that the students had trouble with during the iRAT and tRATs.

Question 9

List the seven characteristics of helpful feedback

Answer 9

1. ) Descriptive and “owned” by the sender.
2. ) Specifc
3. ) Honest and sincere
4. ) Expressed in terms relevant to the self-perceived needs of the receiver
5. ) Timely and in context
6. ) Desired by the receiver
7. ) Usable, as in something that the receiver has control over.

Question 10

Define the terms: concept map prompt, domains of knowledge, concept and cross-link

Answer 10

Concept mapping prompt: usually asks you to explain the pathophysiology responsible for he patient’s clinical presentation.
Domains of Knowledge: Basic science and clinical presentation that will include relevant concepts and act as the scaffolding of the concept map.
Cross-links: arrows containing a verb or phrase to address and action or connection between concepts

Question 11

Predict correctly the effects of temperature, solubility, surface area, molecular weight, diffusion distance, and concentration gradient on the rate of simple diffusion of substances across cell membranes

Answer 11

Temperature: Cold temperature will decrease the rate of diffusion, warm temperature will increase the rate of diffusion.
Solubility: Lower solubility in water will decrease the rate of diffusion,

Surface area: The greater the surface area the faster the diffusion

Molecular Weight: Smaller molecules diffuse better than larger molecules

Diffusion Distance: Greater diffusion distance decreases the diffusion.

Concentration Gradient: Higher concentration gradients result in greater diffusion.

Question 12

Describe how extracellular signals are transduced through receptors on the plasma membrane resulting in intracellular changes

Answer 12

Recognition where a ligand changes the conformational shape of a receptor which then initiates a response within the cell.

Transduction means that the binding of a ligand must be transduced into some kind of functional response within the cell.

Source: Properties of Cellular Receptors Handout

Question 13

Identify the major difference between chemical messengers that are specific for intracellular receptors and those that are specific for plasma membrane receptors

Answer 13

Chemical messengers specific for intracellular receptors must be lipid-soluble to cross the cell membrane.

Source: Basic and clinical pharmacology, ch 2, figure 2-5

Question 14

Describe how extracellular signals such as capsaicin result in cellular changes leading to the perception of pain

Answer 14

• Capsaicin activates transient receptor potential (TRP) channels) in nociceptive sensory nerves which creates an action potential in the nerve and subsequently transmits the message of pain to the brain.*
• Source: Ganong’s Review, Ch8, Nociceptors & Figure 8-2*

Question 15

Describe the pattern of pain distribution (dermatomes) associated with a herpes zoster infection

Answer 15

Herpes zoster infections causes leasions that involve one or two spinal nerves. Pain as well as vesicles in the corresponding skin area present in band-like regions of the body called dermatomes.

Source: Prenciples of Neurology, Ch 9, Spinal Roots, Figure 9-4

Question 16

Define allodynia and hyperalgesia

Answer 16

Allodyna: over reactive pain response to a normal sitimulus. Example–warm shower on a sunburn

Hyperalgesia: An exaggerated response to a noxious stimulus.

In other words, its uncomfortable, but not THAT uncomfortable.

Source: Ganongs Medical Physiology, Ch. 8, Hyperalgesia and Allodynia

Question 17

Discuss the general steps of viral replication, including adsorption or entry, uncoating, transcription (or reverse transcription), protein synthesis, assembly, exit and release

Answer 17

Adsorption/Entry: Multiple options – Virus binds to the receptor and the cell and viral membranes fuse, neucleocapsid proteins are released directly into the cytoplasm, or the entire viron is enternalized winthin an endosome.

Uncoating: Multiple options – the viron is endocytosed and the cell membrane forms a vesicle around the viron which then fuses with a lysosome that opens the contents with the high acid content., adenoviruses enter by endocytosis but require transport to the neucleus.

Transcription/Reverse Transcription: genome enters the nucleus and host DNA and RNA polymerases which replicate the viral genome.

Protein Systhesis: viral mRNA reenters the cytoplasm for translation to produce coat proteins, reverse transcriptase and envelope proteins.

Assembly: Viron self-assembles

Exit: The viron buds out of the cell and are released into the body.

Question 18

Describe the lytic cycle of viral replication, in general terms

Answer 18

A phage particle injects its genome into a cell and reproduces many progeny phage particles. (Does not insert itself into host genome, but uses host reproductive infrastructure)

Source: Microbiology, Ch 6, pg 209 + 210

Question 19

Describe the lysogenic phase of viral replication, in general terms

Answer 19

Phage integrates its genome into that of the host cell and the integraded DNA then replicates with the host DNA. The integrated DNA can spontaneously excise itself from the host DNA and generate a lytic burst of phage

Source: Microbiology Ch6, pg 210