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NUR112 > WEEK 1 NURSING - INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL > Flashcards

WEEK 1 NURSING - INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL Flashcards

1
Q

hand hygiene “5 moments”

A

before touching patient
before clean/aseptic procedure
after body fluid exposure risk
after touching patient
after touching patient surrounds

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2
Q

“located” symptoms

A

located to a specific part of the body

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3
Q

“systemic” symptoms

A

microorganisms have spread to other parts of the body

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4
Q

for an infection to develop infectious the microorganism must be able to:

A
  • colonise/grow and multiply
  • move from one source to another
  • overcome a hosts defence systems
  • damage cells, tissue and body systems
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5
Q

resident flora

A
  • microorganisms that are always present on or in the host without altering its health
  • handwashing with soap and water or alcohol will not remove them
  • considerable friction and antimicrobial wash is required to remove
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6
Q

transient flora

A
  • microorganisms that are episodic and usually do not continually live in or on host
  • handwashing with soap and water or using alcohol will usually remove them
  • usually acquired from direct contact with the microorganism
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7
Q

importance of infection control

A
  • 11.8 m people hospitalised in Aust 2020-21
  • infection is a major reason we seek care
  • Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is the most common complication affecting hospital patients
  • hospitalised people are more susceptible to infections
  • HAI can have long term consequences and may prove to be fatal
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8
Q

identify vulnerable patient populations

A
  • oncology patients
  • burns patients
  • ICU patients
  • paediatric patients
  • pregnant patients
  • surgical patients
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9
Q

identify the modes of transmission

A
  • contact
  • droplet
  • airborne
  • food-borne
  • water-borne
  • vector-borne
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10
Q

contact transmission

A

direct contact with infectious blood or body substances e.g. urine, saliva

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11
Q

droplet transmission

A

infectious agent in large droplets (respiratory secretions/splash)

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12
Q

airborne transmission

A

infectious agent in aerosols and are inhaled

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13
Q

food-borne transmission

A

consumption of contaminated food

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14
Q

water-borne transmission

A

consumption of contaminated water

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15
Q

vector-borne transmission

A

carried by a vector e.g. mosquito

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16
Q

components of the chain of infection

A
  • infectious agent
  • reservoir
  • portal of exit
  • method of transmission
  • portal of entry
  • susceptible host
17
Q

How can we minimise the number of microorganisms? (infectious agent)

A
  • ensure all reusable equipment is clean
  • cleaning equipment, disinfection and sterilisation
  • educate and support staff involved in the handling of equipment
18
Q

infectious agent e.g.

A
  • ebola virus
  • E. coli bacteria
  • Candida Albicans Fungus
  • Rubella
19
Q

reservoir definition

A

a place where a pathogen can survive and may/may not multiply
-> a pH between 5-8 is ideal for most pathogens to survive

20
Q

what are the strategies to minimise transmission?

A
  • use of standard precautions
  • correct environmental cleaning procedures
  • additional barriers or isolation precautions
21
Q

what are the strategies to prevent contamination?

A
  • use of standard precautions
  • correct handling of bodily fluids, used equipment
  • educating individuals involved
22
Q

what are the strategies to minimise transmission?

A
  • correct PPE
  • correct handling of waste
  • isolation precautions
  • correct hand hygiene
  • use of standard precautions
23
Q

personal protection equipment

A
  • gowns
  • gloves
  • mask
  • eye protection
24
Q

what is the primary method of transmission in a hospital?

A

via the hands of healthcare professionals

25
Q

how can we prevent the entry of microorganisms into the host?

A
  • effective oral/skin hygiene
  • skin covering to protect skin breaks
  • wash hands always
26
Q

how can we make a less susceptible host?

A
  • providing healthy and nutritious meals
  • promoting good rest and sleep
  • encouraging exercise, immunisations and education
27
Q

non-pharmacological factors increasing susceptibility

A
  • diabetes mellitus
  • emphysema
  • cancer
  • Peripheral Vascular Disease
  • burns
  • down syndrome
  • smoking
28
Q

pharmacological factors affecting susceptibility

A
  • glucocorticoids
  • cytotoxics
  • antineoplastics
  • immunosuppressants
  • radiotherapy
29
Q

stages of infection

A
  • incubation
  • prodromal
  • illness
  • convalescence
30
Q

healthcare-associated infections

A
  • infections acquired as a direct or indirect result of healthcare
  • most common HAI were surgical site infections, urinary tract infections, pneumonia
31
Q

healthcare-associated infections consequences

A
  • increased risk of adverse outcomes for patients
  • extra financial cost
  • fewer hospital beds available for new admissions
  • delayed movement of patients
  • rise of multi-drug resistant microorganisms
32
Q

types of hospital-acquired infections

A
  • HAI -> contracted by patients during hospital admission
  • iatrogenic infections
  • exogenous HAI
  • endogenous HAI
33
Q

iatrogenic infections

A

the result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures provided to the patient

34
Q

exogenous HAI

A

an infection from an organism that is external to the persons own normal flora

35
Q

endogenous HAI

A

when part of a patients own normal flora in one body site is able to multiply and move into other body sites

36
Q

role of nurse/midwife in infection control

A
  • prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases
  • to break linkages in the chain of infection
37
Q

key elements of infection control

A
  • training
  • standard precautions
  • immunisation/vaccination
  • waste management
  • cleaning and disinfection
  • safe use of sharps
  • PPE
  • hand/respiratory hygiene
38
Q

standard precautions

A

the minimum requirements for the basic level of infection control
e.g. hand hygiene, PPE

39
Q

additional precautions

A

may be required in certain circumstances e.g. the patient has a highly transmissible infection not contained by standard precautions

NUR112 (10 decks)

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