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NUR112 > WEEK 1 BIOSCIENCE - INTRO TO HUMAN BODY > Flashcards

WEEK 1 BIOSCIENCE - INTRO TO HUMAN BODY Flashcards

1
Q

4 basic types of tissues

A

epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous

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2
Q

Identify all human body systems

A

integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
cardiovascular
lymphatic
respiratory
urinary
endocrine
digestive
male reproductive
female reproductive

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3
Q

Integumentary system principle functions

A
  • external body covering and protects the body and deeper tissue from injury
  • synthesis of vitamin D
  • houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc) receptors and sweat and oil glands
  • regulates temperature
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4
Q

Integumentary system’s main organs

A

skin
hair
nails

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5
Q

skeletal system principle functions

A
  • protects and supports body organs
  • provides a framework for muscles to generate movement
  • blood cells are formed in bone
  • bones store minerals
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6
Q

skeletal system main organs

A

bones
joints

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7
Q

muscular system principle functions

A
  • allows manipulation of environment
  • locomotion/voluntary involuntary movement
  • facial expressions
  • maintains posture
  • produces heat
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8
Q

muscular system main organs

A

skeletal muscles

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9
Q

nervous system principle functions

A
  • fast-acting control system
  • responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands to respond to stimuli
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10
Q

nervous system’s main organs

A

brain
spinal cord
nerves

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11
Q

endocrine system principle functions

A
  • glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
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12
Q

endocrine system’s main organs

A

Pineal gland
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
thymus
adrenal gland
pancreas
testis
ovary

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13
Q

cardiovascular system principle functions

A
  • blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc
  • the heart pumps blood
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14
Q

The cardiovascular system’s main organs

A

heart
blood vessels

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15
Q

lymphatic system principle functions

A
  • picks up fluid leaked out from blood vessels and returns to blood (fluid balance)
  • disposes of debris in the lymphatic system
  • houses WBC involved in immunity
  • the immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances in the body
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16
Q

lymphatic system’s main organs

A

red bone marrow
thymus
lymphatic vessels
thoracic duct
spleen
lymph nodes

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17
Q

respiratory system principle functions

A
  • keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
  • these exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs
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18
Q

respiratory system main organs

A

nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchus
lungs

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19
Q

digestive system principle functions

A
  • breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
  • indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated
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20
Q

digestive system’s main organs

A

oral cavity
esophagus
liver
stomach
large and small intestine
rectum and anus

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21
Q

urinary system principle functions

A
  • eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body
  • regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood
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22
Q

urinary system’s main organs

A

kidney
ureter
bladder
urethra

23
Q

mal reproductive system principle functions

A
  • production of offspring
  • testes produce sperm ad male sex hormone and male ducts and glands aid in the delivery of sperm into the female reproductive tract
24
Q

male reproductive system’s main organs

A

prostate
penis
testis
scrotum
ductus deferens

25
female reproductive system principle functions
- production of offspring - ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones - the remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilisation and development of the fetus - mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn
26
female reproductive system's main organs
mammary glands ovary fallopian tubes uterus vagina
27
intercellular fluid (ICF)
fluid outside the cells
28
extracellular fluid (ECF)
fluid outside the cells
29
two categories of ECF
interstitial fluid (ISF) plasma
30
three types of chemical reactions
synthesis (anabolic): small -> large decomposition (catabolic): large -> small exchange (displacement)
31
catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of reaction
32
body pH range
7.35-7.45
33
carbohydrate functions
provide short term energy for cellular function
34
Lipids function: triglycerides
long term energy storage thermal insulation protection from mechanical trauma
35
lipids function: phospholipids
distinctive structure cell membranes
36
lipids function: steroids
lipids function: steroids
37
DNA functions
hereditary informtaion encodes genes
38
fibrous proteins
elongated, strand-like stable structural proteins e.g. keratin, collagen
39
globular proteins
compact, spherical chemically active functional proteins e.g. enzymes, hormones
40
homeostasis
keeping a relatively stable environment
41
homeostatic control mechanisms' major components
stimulus -> receptor -> (afferent pathway) -> control centre -> (efferent pathway) -> effector -> response
42
what is regulated in our internal environment
gas concentrations nutrient levels water volume and pressure electrolyte concentrations acid-base balance temperature waste products
43
types of receptors
thermoreceptors chemoreceptors osmoreceptors mechanoreceptors barorecetors
44
thermoreceptors
detect changes in temperature
45
chemoreceptors
detect changes in chemical levels in fluids e.g. ions + pH
46
osmoreceptors
detect changes in osmolarity of the blood (balance between the amount of solvents and solute in the blood)
47
mechanoreceptors
detect changes in mechanical pressure
48
baroreceptors
detect changes in BP in arteries
49
nervous system impulses
nervous impulses electrical rapid short-lived limited target range
50
endocrine system impulses
hormones chemical slow acting long-lived wide target range
51
contents of blood
plasma 45% buffy coat <1% -> WBC and platelets (blood clotting) haematocrit 42-47%
52
erythrocytes
function: gas transport - biconcave shape: large SA:V - no oganelles: more space for Hb - flexibility: ability to bend
53
functions of blood
- distribution: oxygen and carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients and wastes - regulation: interstitial fluid, pH, body temp - protection: infection control, prevention of blood loss

NUR112 (10 decks)

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