Week 1 - Normal Movement Flashcards
Monday
Why is sequencing important in movement facilitation?
1) helps establish control
2) helps progresses from weight-bearing to dynamic non-weight-bearing movement
What is Normal Movement? (Important)
Development of man’s phenotype that allows for selective movement against and within the force of gravity.
allows postural control and functional selective movement against gravity
What is normal movement dependent on and controlled by?
depends on neuromuscular system which can
1) receive,
2) integrate
3) and respond appropriately
to multiple intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli
Movement is controlled by:
central commands
spinal activity
functional and behavioural
what are the components of normal movement?
- Balance
- Reciprocal Innervation
- Integration of Biomechanical System
- Postural Tone
- Patterns of Movement
- Sensory and Proprioceptive Controls
Patterns of movement
1) Sequences of selective movement
–> Spatial and temporal elements:
- spatial awareness of limbs is part of a “normal movement”
2) The brain knows nothing about muscles, only patterns of movement
- Component of muscle activity
- Learned through repetition
Balance/Protective Reactions
Responses to the displacement of the body’s centre of gravity over a base of support.
Consist of characteristic movement patterns of the limbs, trunk and/or head (ex use of ankles, hips; stepping strategies)
Righting Reactions
Seen only in developing infants; integrated in adults
Allow the loss and regaining of midline through:
- trunk righting
- head righting
- stepping/hopping reactions
- protective reactions
Components of righting reactions can be performed voluntarily
Equilibrium Reactions
- Automatic (reflexive) for maintaining centre of gravity over base of support (postural alignment).
Sensory and Proprioceptive Controls
Ability of the CNS to selectively:
- Receive information
- Integrate information
- Respond to the environment
Pattern of Response After CNS Lesion
CNS lesion
↓
Abnormal Postural Tone
↓ Effort
Abnormal Quality of Movement
↓
Abnormal Sensory Feedback and Feedforward
↓
Abnormal Quality of Movement
↓ Compensation
Abnormal Postural Tone
what is the Bobath/NDT?
- originally for children with cerebral palsy (CP)
- now used for various neurological conditions such as CVA
Bobath/NDT Principles (important)
- Normalization of tone: Adjusting muscle tone for smooth movement
- Facilitation of movement: Guiding patients through movement
- Inhibition of abnormal movement patterns: Discouraging inefficient movement pattern
Bobath/NDT Features (important)
Patient-centered examination: Comprehensive evaluation of participation, activities, and body functions
Dynamic interaction: Continuous evaluation and modification based on movement analysis
Goal-driven intervention: Personalized goals to enhance functionality
In-depth analysis of movement: Focus on motor control, postural control, and environmental facilitators and barriers.
Bobath/NDT Application in Therapy (important)
Therapeutic handling: Hands-on techniques to activate optimal sensorimotor processing
Functional independence: Focus on enabling participation in meaningful activities
Neuroplasticity: Promoting positive changes in the brain for functional improvement
Interdisciplinary approach: Collaboration among OTs and PTs
What is the importance of an open-handed approach in facilitation? (important)
- It provides smooth input with lower resistance from the pt.
Why is therapeutic handling crucial in Bobath/NDT?
- It activates sensorimotor processing
- guides patients toward functional movement patterns.
What is facilitation in Bobath/NDT treatment?
- Guiding the patient to perform functions actively through proper movement strategies.
What is the role of sensory and proprioceptive control in movement?
- It enables the body to integrate and respond to environmental stimuli.
How does systematic analysis improve movement outcomes?
- By understanding posture entry, exit, and tone influences, it enhances treatment strategies.
What components control movement? (important)
- Central commands, spinal activity, and functional influences.
How does reciprocal innervation facilitate movement?
- By modulating muscle excitation and inhibition for coordinated movement.
What are balance reactions, and why are they important?
- Automatic adjustments to maintain the center of gravity over the BOS.
What are righting reactions, and when are they integrated?
Movements to regain midline; integrated during infant development but maintained in adults voluntarily.
What is plasticity, and how does it affect rehabilitation?
- The ability of the CNS to reorganize in response to injury or experience, critical for recovery.
Describe the stance phase components.
Loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, and pre-swing.
How does systematic analysis improve movement outcomes?
By understanding posture entry, exit, and tone influences, it enhances treatment strategies.
What is plasticity, and how does it affect rehabilitation?
The ability of the CNS to reorganize in response to injury or experience, critical for recovery.
