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Neuro B1 - WLB > Week 1 - NeuroTime > Flashcards

Week 1 - NeuroTime Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function/significance of the central sulcus?

A

-Separates the frontal from the parietal lobes -Separates primary motor (anterior) and sensory (motor) cortexes on medial surface of hemisphere (and for lower extremity). (AKA: Rolandic Fissure)

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2
Q

What is the function/significance of the lateral fissure?

A

AKA: the Sylvian fissure -Insular cortex located deep inside -Separates frontal and parietal lobes

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3
Q

What is the function/significance of the Frontal Lobe?

A

“Executive area” of the cerebrum -motor, premotor, prefrontal, motor speech

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4
Q

What is the function/significance of the precentral sulcus?

A

Separates precentral gyrus from frontal gyri

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5
Q

What is the function/significance of the pre-central gyrus?

A

Primary motor cortex (area 4)

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6
Q

What is the function/significance of the Superior frontal gyrus?

A

-Prefrontal cortex and premotor cortex -Supplementary motor area -gyri surrounding the superior frontal sulcus

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7
Q

What is the function/significance of the middle frontal gyrus?

A

Prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex and voluntary motor eye movements

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8
Q

What is the function/significance of the inferior frontal gyrus?

A

-Motor speech (Broca’s area - areas 44 & 45) -Lowest gyri in frontal lobe -Subdivided into orbital, triangular, and opercular portions (Broca’s = triangular & opercular in dominant hemisphere)

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9
Q

What is the function/significance of the postcentral sulcus?

A

-Separates postcentral gyrus from superior and inferior parietal lobules

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10
Q

What is the function/significance of the Parietal lobe?

A

-Somatosensory association cortex -multimodal association cortex -concerned with “WHERE”

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11
Q

What is the function/significance of the postcentral gyrus?

A

-Primary sensory cortex (areas 3,1,2) -Caudal/posterior sulcus of paracentral lobule

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12
Q

What is the function/significance of the intraparietal sulcus?

A

-Separates the superior and inferior part of the parietal lobules

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13
Q

What is the function/significance of the infraparietal lobule?

A

-Multimodal association cortex (comprehension of language) -Includes the angular and supramarginal gyri

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14
Q

What is the function/significance of the superior parietal lobule?

A

-Sensory association cortex -AKA: Precuneus (areas 5 & 7)

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15
Q

What is the function/significance of the Temporal Lobe?

A

-Primary and association auditory cortex -Memory -Concerned with “What”

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16
Q

What is the function/significance of the Middle & Inferior Temporal Gyri?

A

Memory storage

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17
Q

What is the function/significance of the Superior temporal gyrus?

A

-Auditory association cortex -Most superior of the three temporal gyri as it borders on the lateral sulcus

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18
Q

What is the function/significance of the Occipital Lobe?

A

Primary and association visual cortex

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19
Q

What is the function/significance of the Lateral Occipital Gyri?

A

Visual association cortex

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20
Q

What is the function/significance of the Preoccipital Notch?

A

-Site of separation between occipital lobe and parietal lobe when cerebrum viewed laterally

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21
Q

What is the function/significance of the Parieto-occipital fissure?

A

-Separates parietal lobe from occipital lobe (cuneus from precuneus on medial surface) -Best seen from a medial view of the hemisphere

22
Q

What is the function/significance of the Transverse Temporal Gyri?

A

Primary auditory cortex

23
Q

What is the function/significance of the Insula?

A

-AKA: insular cortex/Island of Reil -Located deep in the lateral fissure -Concealed by the opercula of the frontal, parietal, and temporal gyri

24
Q

What is the function/significance of the Insular gyri (long and short)?

A

-Visceral association cortex (olfactory, taste, and pain) -3 short gyri located anteriorly -2 long gyri located posteriorly

25
Q

What is the function/significance of the Subcallosal area?

A

-AKA: Paraterminal gyrus -Part of limbic system -below rostrum of the corpus callosum

26
Q

What is the function/significance of the Paracentral Lobule?

A

-Motor (anterior) and sensory (posterior) for lower extremity -Medial continuation of the primary motor (anterior) and sensory (posterior) areas

27
Q

What is the function/significance of the Precuneus?

A

-Medial side of superior parietal lobule -Somatosensory association cortex

28
Q

What is the function/significance of the Parahippocampal gyrus?

A

-Memory consolidation -Part of limbic lobe -Rostral portion serves as primary olfactory area -Hippocampal formation located medially

29
Q

What is the function/significance of the Cuneus?

A

Vision (lower field)

30
Q

What is the function/significance of the Uncus?

A

-Contains the amygdaloid nucleus -Involved with emotional memory -Rostral end of the parahippocampal gyrus

31
Q

What is the function/significance of the Calcarine fissure (sulcus)?

A

-Primary visual cortex -Separates cuneus and lingual gyrus

32
Q

What is the function/significance of the Lingual Gyrus?

A

-Receives visual input from upper visual fields -Forms the inferior bank of the calcarine sulcus

33
Q

What is the function/significance of the Cingulate Gyrus?

A

-Limbic system (limbic lobe) -Region of the cerebral cortex that arcs above the corpus callosum on the medial aspect of the hemisphere

34
Q

What is the function/significance of the Lamina Terminalis?

A

-Rostral end of developing CNS

35
Q

What is the function/significance of the Septum Pellucidum?

A

-Separates the two lateral ventricles

36
Q

What is the function/significance of the Corpus Callosum?

A

-Connects two cerebral hemispheres (AKA: rostrum, genu, body, splenium)

37
Q

What is the function/significance of the Anterior Commissure?

A

Connects temporal lobes of the two hemispheres

38
Q

What is the function/significance of the Fornix?

A

-Part of the limbic system -Connects hippocampal formation to the septal area and mammillary nucleus

39
Q

What is the function/significance of the Interventricular foramen?

A

-AKA: Foramen of of Monro -Connects each of the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle

40
Q

What is the function/significance of the Limbic Lobe?

A

-Forms a ring of tissue on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere (limbus meaning edge). -Serves to connect the neocortex and the hippocampal formation. -Includes: Septal/subcallosal area, Cingulate gyrus, Isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, Parahippocampal gyrus, and Hippocampal formation.

41
Q

What is the function/significance of the Thalamus?

A

-Sensory, motor and association nuclei

42
Q

What is the function/significance of the Hypothalamus?

A

Regulation of pituitary gland and ANS

43
Q

What is the function/significance of the Mammillary body?

A

-Part of the limbic circuit -Termination of fornix and beginning of mammillothalamic tract

44
Q

What is the function/significance of the Pineal body?

A

-AKA: Epithalamus -As an endocrine gland, it secretes melatonin and is involved with circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle

45
Q

What is the function/significance of the Optic Nerve (CNII) and chiasm?

A

-Vision -Nerve consists of the axons of ganglion cells in the retina

46
Q

What is the function/significance of the Posterior Commissure?

A

-Connects pretectal area (posterior to thalamus) -Involved in visual reflexes

47
Q

What is the function/significance of the Orbital gyri?

A

-Overlie orbit -Orbital portion of prefrontal cortex

48
Q

What is the function/significance of the Olfactory Bulb?

A

-Olfactory nerves synapse

49
Q

What is the function/significance of the Olfactory Tract?

A

-Olfaction -Connects olfactory bulb to olfactory cortex

50
Q

What is the function/significance of the Median Eminence?

A

-Hypothalamic area leading to infundibulum or stalk of the pituitary gland

51
Q

What is the function/significance of the Longitudinal Cerebral fissure?

A

-Separates the two cerebral hemispheres from one another -Falx cerebri located in this area

Neuro B1 - WLB (8 decks)

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