Week 1 - NeuroTime Flashcards
What is the function/significance of the central sulcus?
-Separates the frontal from the parietal lobes -Separates primary motor (anterior) and sensory (motor) cortexes on medial surface of hemisphere (and for lower extremity). (AKA: Rolandic Fissure)
What is the function/significance of the lateral fissure?
AKA: the Sylvian fissure -Insular cortex located deep inside -Separates frontal and parietal lobes
What is the function/significance of the Frontal Lobe?
“Executive area” of the cerebrum -motor, premotor, prefrontal, motor speech
What is the function/significance of the precentral sulcus?
Separates precentral gyrus from frontal gyri
What is the function/significance of the pre-central gyrus?
Primary motor cortex (area 4)
What is the function/significance of the Superior frontal gyrus?
-Prefrontal cortex and premotor cortex -Supplementary motor area -gyri surrounding the superior frontal sulcus
What is the function/significance of the middle frontal gyrus?
Prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex and voluntary motor eye movements
What is the function/significance of the inferior frontal gyrus?
-Motor speech (Broca’s area - areas 44 & 45) -Lowest gyri in frontal lobe -Subdivided into orbital, triangular, and opercular portions (Broca’s = triangular & opercular in dominant hemisphere)
What is the function/significance of the postcentral sulcus?
-Separates postcentral gyrus from superior and inferior parietal lobules
What is the function/significance of the Parietal lobe?
-Somatosensory association cortex -multimodal association cortex -concerned with “WHERE”
What is the function/significance of the postcentral gyrus?
-Primary sensory cortex (areas 3,1,2) -Caudal/posterior sulcus of paracentral lobule
What is the function/significance of the intraparietal sulcus?
-Separates the superior and inferior part of the parietal lobules
What is the function/significance of the infraparietal lobule?
-Multimodal association cortex (comprehension of language) -Includes the angular and supramarginal gyri
What is the function/significance of the superior parietal lobule?
-Sensory association cortex -AKA: Precuneus (areas 5 & 7)
What is the function/significance of the Temporal Lobe?
-Primary and association auditory cortex -Memory -Concerned with “What”
What is the function/significance of the Middle & Inferior Temporal Gyri?
Memory storage
What is the function/significance of the Superior temporal gyrus?
-Auditory association cortex -Most superior of the three temporal gyri as it borders on the lateral sulcus
What is the function/significance of the Occipital Lobe?
Primary and association visual cortex
What is the function/significance of the Lateral Occipital Gyri?
Visual association cortex
What is the function/significance of the Preoccipital Notch?
-Site of separation between occipital lobe and parietal lobe when cerebrum viewed laterally
What is the function/significance of the Parieto-occipital fissure?
-Separates parietal lobe from occipital lobe (cuneus from precuneus on medial surface) -Best seen from a medial view of the hemisphere
What is the function/significance of the Transverse Temporal Gyri?
Primary auditory cortex
What is the function/significance of the Insula?
-AKA: insular cortex/Island of Reil -Located deep in the lateral fissure -Concealed by the opercula of the frontal, parietal, and temporal gyri
What is the function/significance of the Insular gyri (long and short)?
-Visceral association cortex (olfactory, taste, and pain) -3 short gyri located anteriorly -2 long gyri located posteriorly
What is the function/significance of the Subcallosal area?
-AKA: Paraterminal gyrus -Part of limbic system -below rostrum of the corpus callosum
What is the function/significance of the Paracentral Lobule?
-Motor (anterior) and sensory (posterior) for lower extremity -Medial continuation of the primary motor (anterior) and sensory (posterior) areas
What is the function/significance of the Precuneus?
-Medial side of superior parietal lobule -Somatosensory association cortex
What is the function/significance of the Parahippocampal gyrus?
-Memory consolidation -Part of limbic lobe -Rostral portion serves as primary olfactory area -Hippocampal formation located medially
What is the function/significance of the Cuneus?
Vision (lower field)
What is the function/significance of the Uncus?
-Contains the amygdaloid nucleus -Involved with emotional memory -Rostral end of the parahippocampal gyrus
What is the function/significance of the Calcarine fissure (sulcus)?
-Primary visual cortex -Separates cuneus and lingual gyrus
What is the function/significance of the Lingual Gyrus?
-Receives visual input from upper visual fields -Forms the inferior bank of the calcarine sulcus
What is the function/significance of the Cingulate Gyrus?
-Limbic system (limbic lobe) -Region of the cerebral cortex that arcs above the corpus callosum on the medial aspect of the hemisphere
What is the function/significance of the Lamina Terminalis?
-Rostral end of developing CNS
What is the function/significance of the Septum Pellucidum?
-Separates the two lateral ventricles
What is the function/significance of the Corpus Callosum?
-Connects two cerebral hemispheres (AKA: rostrum, genu, body, splenium)
What is the function/significance of the Anterior Commissure?
Connects temporal lobes of the two hemispheres
What is the function/significance of the Fornix?
-Part of the limbic system -Connects hippocampal formation to the septal area and mammillary nucleus
What is the function/significance of the Interventricular foramen?
-AKA: Foramen of of Monro -Connects each of the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle
What is the function/significance of the Limbic Lobe?
-Forms a ring of tissue on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere (limbus meaning edge). -Serves to connect the neocortex and the hippocampal formation. -Includes: Septal/subcallosal area, Cingulate gyrus, Isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, Parahippocampal gyrus, and Hippocampal formation.
What is the function/significance of the Thalamus?
-Sensory, motor and association nuclei
What is the function/significance of the Hypothalamus?
Regulation of pituitary gland and ANS
What is the function/significance of the Mammillary body?
-Part of the limbic circuit -Termination of fornix and beginning of mammillothalamic tract
What is the function/significance of the Pineal body?
-AKA: Epithalamus -As an endocrine gland, it secretes melatonin and is involved with circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle
What is the function/significance of the Optic Nerve (CNII) and chiasm?
-Vision -Nerve consists of the axons of ganglion cells in the retina
What is the function/significance of the Posterior Commissure?
-Connects pretectal area (posterior to thalamus) -Involved in visual reflexes
What is the function/significance of the Orbital gyri?
-Overlie orbit -Orbital portion of prefrontal cortex
What is the function/significance of the Olfactory Bulb?
-Olfactory nerves synapse
What is the function/significance of the Olfactory Tract?
-Olfaction -Connects olfactory bulb to olfactory cortex
What is the function/significance of the Median Eminence?
-Hypothalamic area leading to infundibulum or stalk of the pituitary gland
What is the function/significance of the Longitudinal Cerebral fissure?
-Separates the two cerebral hemispheres from one another -Falx cerebri located in this area
