Week 1: Musculoskeletal System (Joint)

Question 1

Classifications of Joints (functionally)

Answer 1

• synarthrosis: immovable
• amphiarthrosis: slightly movable
• diarthrosis: freely movable

Question 2

Classifications of Joints (structurally)

Answer 2

• fibrous
• cartilaginous
• synovial

Question 3

Fibrous Joint

Answer 3

• Fibrous connective tissue
• no joint cavity
• immovable or slightly movable
  e. g. sutures, tibiofibular joint

Question 4

Cartilaginous Joint

Answer 4

• cartilage
• no joint cavity
• immovable or slightly movable
  e. g. 1st sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis, intervertebral joint

Question 5

Synovial Joint

Answer 5

• bone ends covered in articular cartilage
• present joint cavity
• freely movable

Question 6

Structure of synovial joint

Answer 6

• articular capsule
• joint cavity
• synovial fluid
• articular cartilage
• reinforcing ligament
• sensory neuron & blood vessel

Question 7

Articular capsule

Answer 7

• surround joint, enclose cavity
• 2 layers:
  outer fibrous layer - stabilize bone
  inner synovial membrane - produce synovial fluid

Question 8

Joint cavity

Answer 8

• separate articulating bone

- contain synovial fluid

Question 9

Synovial fluid

Answer 9

• shock absorption
• reduce friction
• supply O2, nutrient to cartilage cell
• remove waste

Question 10

Articular cartilage

Answer 10

• cover end of articulating bones
• shock absorption
• reduce friction

Question 11

reinforcing ligament

Answer 11

stabilize joint

Question 12

sensory neuron, blood vessel

Answer 12

• sensory neuron: detect pain. monitor proprioception

- blood vessel: supply synovial membrane

Question 13

Menisci

Answer 13

• joint stabilize
• reduce friction
• shock absorption

Question 14

Muscle tendon

Answer 14

• stabilize joint

Question 15

Bursae & tendon sheath

Answer 15

• bag of synovial fluid

- reduce friction

Question 16

fat pads

Answer 16

• adipose tissue

- cushion & protection joint structure

Question 17

Types of synovial joint

Answer 17

• pivot
• plane
• condylar
• saddle
• Hinge
• Ball and socket joint

Question 18

Pivot Joint

Answer 18

• rotation

e. g. proximal radioulnar, atlas-axis joint

Question 19

Plane Joint

Answer 19

• gliding movement

e. g. intercarpal & intertarsal joint

Question 20

Condylar Joint

Answer 20

• flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction

e. g. metacarpophalangeal, wrist

Question 21

Saddle Joint

Answer 21

• flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, ciircumduction

e. g. carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Question 22

Hinge Joint

Answer 22

• flexion, extension

e. g. elbow, knee, ankle, interphalangeal (finger) joint

Question 23

Ball and socket Joint

Answer 23

• flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction / rotation
  e. g. Shoulder, hip joint