Week 1 - MSK

Question 1

Part 1

Answer 1

Bones

Question 2

Introduction

Answer 2

MSK system, comprised of bones, skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments and cartilage

Question 3

Function - Bones

Answer 3

• framework of body
• skeleton

Question 4

Functions - Ligaments

Answer 4

• Connect the articulation bones at a joint

Question 5

Functions - Tendons

Answer 5

• connect muscles to bone

Question 6

Function - Skeletal muscles

Answer 6

• Contract to bring body movements

Question 7

Function - Cartilage

Answer 7

• supports
• connects bones
• maintains body shape
• resist compression
• has tensile strength

Question 8

Cartilage is composed of

Answer 8

• Chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and an extracellular matrix

Question 9

extracellular matrix includes

Answer 9

ground substance, collagen, and elastin fibres

Question 10

3 different typed of cartilage

Answer 10

Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage.

Question 11

Functions of Bones

Answer 11

• support
• protection
• storage of minerals and triglycerides
• blood cell production
• movement

Question 12

Storage of minerals and triglycerides

Bones store minerals (calcium and phosphate) and triglycerides (fat)

Answer 12

• maintain homeostatic blood calcium levels
  > regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
• yellow bone marrow consists of adipose cells
  > a potential energy source

Question 13

Blood cell production

Answer 13

bones produce red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets (haemotopoiesis)

Question 14

Movement - bones act as levers

Answer 14

• skeletal muscles attach to bones and when they contract, they pull on and move a bone
• site of muscles attachment to a bone is known as the origin or insertion

Question 15

Origin

Answer 15

The fixed point of muscle attachment (bone does not move when the muscle contracts)

Question 16

Insertion

Answer 16

moveable point of muscle attachment (bone moves when the muscle contracts)

Question 17

Bones Of Human Skeleton

Answer 17

Human adult skeleton consists of 206 bones and these bones:

Question 18

Bones Of Human Skeleton grouped into 2 main divisions

Answer 18

• Axial
• Appendicular

Question 19

The Axial Skeleton

Answer 19

Skull - cranial and facial bones

Vertebral column - cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx vertebrae

Rib cage - sternum and ribs

Question 20

The Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 20

• upper limbs - arms, forearms, and hands
• lower limbs - thighs, legs and feet
• shoulder (perctoral) girdles
• pelvic girdle

Question 21

Bones of the Upper Limbs

Answer 21

• humerus
• radius
• ulna
• carpals
• metacarpals
• phalanges

Question 22

Bones of the Lower Limb

Answer 22

• Femur
• ## Fibula