Week 1 - MSK Flashcards
Part 1
Bones
Introduction
MSK system, comprised of bones, skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments and cartilage
Function - Bones
- framework of body
- skeleton
Functions - Ligaments
- Connect the articulation bones at a joint
Functions - Tendons
- connect muscles to bone
Function - Skeletal muscles
- Contract to bring body movements
Function - Cartilage
- supports
- connects bones
- maintains body shape
- resist compression
- has tensile strength
Cartilage is composed of
- Chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and an extracellular matrix
extracellular matrix includes
ground substance, collagen, and elastin fibres
3 different typed of cartilage
Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage.
Functions of Bones
- support
- protection
- storage of minerals and triglycerides
- blood cell production
- movement
Storage of minerals and triglycerides
Bones store minerals (calcium and phosphate) and triglycerides (fat)
- maintain homeostatic blood calcium levels
> regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin - yellow bone marrow consists of adipose cells
> a potential energy source
Blood cell production
bones produce red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets (haemotopoiesis)
Movement - bones act as levers
- skeletal muscles attach to bones and when they contract, they pull on and move a bone
- site of muscles attachment to a bone is known as the origin or insertion
Origin
The fixed point of muscle attachment (bone does not move when the muscle contracts)
Insertion
moveable point of muscle attachment (bone moves when the muscle contracts)
Bones Of Human Skeleton
Human adult skeleton consists of 206 bones and these bones:
Bones Of Human Skeleton grouped into 2 main divisions
- Axial
- Appendicular
The Axial Skeleton
Skull - cranial and facial bones
Vertebral column - cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx vertebrae
Rib cage - sternum and ribs
The Appendicular Skeleton
- upper limbs - arms, forearms, and hands
- lower limbs - thighs, legs and feet
- shoulder (perctoral) girdles
- pelvic girdle
Bones of the Upper Limbs
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
- carpals
- metacarpals
- phalanges
Bones of the Lower Limb
- Femur
- ## Fibula
