Week 1 - Medications Flashcards
Pain Physiology, Analgesics, Anaesthesia
Morphine
Analgesia, µ and κ receptors agonist.
Codeine
Weak opioid, metabolised to morphine, has a cough-suppressing effect for mild-to-moderate pain.
Fentanyl
Highly potent analgesic used in moderate-to-severe pain, used during anaesthesia, comes in various formats, including transdermal patch and lozenge.
Methadone
Synthetic Opioid used primarily for pain and part of care for withdrawal from stronger opioids. Long half-life, thus a greater risk of accumulation - monitor for dependence.
Tramadol
Weak opioid
Nalaxone
Used mainly for the treatment of overdose or the reversal of opioid depressant effects - it is a competitive opioid receptor antagonist.
Paracetamol
Non-opioid analgesic helps to reduce the amount of opioids required to manage the same amount of pain - has hepatotoxicity.
Amitriptyline
Antidepressants, adjuvant analgesics for neuropathic pain.
Ibuprofen, Celecoxib, Indomethacin
Non-opioid, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - Inhibit prostaglandin formation.
Gabapentin, Pregabalin
Anticonvulsants, adjuvant analgesics for neuropathic pain.
Dexamethasone
Corticosteroid - relieves pain associated with inflammation and swelling, and space-occupying lesions (e.g. for cancer pain in a restricted area).
Midazolam, Lorazepam
Benzodiazepines - pre-medication for general anaesthesia. Desired effects include antianxiety, sedative, rapid induction, and amnesia.
Atropine
Anticholinergics - inhibition of secretions
Ranitidine
H2-receptor antagonists reduce the volume and acidity of stomach contents.
Propofol
IV anaesthestics
