Week 1, Lecture 3: Acquired Immunity

Question 1

Adaptive Immunity Properties

Answer 1

• specificity to antigen
• memory response (primary vs secondary)
• immunologic tolerance
• clonal selection of specific activated lymphocytes

Question 2

Types of adaptive immunity:

• humoral immunity
• cell mediated immunity

Answer 2

• activated B lymphocytes or plasma cells secrete antibodies that remove extracellular antigens
• different T lymphocytes (T helper/cytotoxic/regulatory) can contain and remove the invading antigen and kill infected cells

Question 3

Primary Antibody Response
Vs
Secondary Antibody Response

Answer 3

1) naive B cells from peripheral lymphoid tissue are activated due to antigen invasion
2) memory B cells are activated by second antigen invasion; robust and fast antibody response with more IgG produced

Question 4

Immunologic Tolerance

Answer 4

• failure to mount an immune response to a specific antigen
• importance: host develops self tolerance to survive, vaccination builds immunity, immunological tolerance is used in therapeutics to avoid harmful immune reactions

Question 5

Active Immunity

• naturally acquired active immunity
• artificially acquired active immunity

Answer 5

• infection in host

- intentional administration of immunogens (vaccine) to develop an immune response

Question 6

Passive Immunity

• naturally acquired passive immunity
• artificially acquired passive immunity

Answer 6

• maternal transfer of IgG to fetus

- transfer of immunoglobulins from another host by intentional administration to prevent or treat disease

Question 7

Cytokines

Answer 7

• soluble mediates of immune response secreted by various cells
• pro-inflammatory (IL-1), regulatory (IL and TNF), hematopoietic growth factors (G-CSF), interferons

Question 8

Exogenous Cytokines

Answer 8

• G-CSF: stimulates proliferation of neutrophils
• IL-2: anti-neoplastic and immunomodulator
• Erythropoietin: stimulates erythropoiesis
• GM-CSF: promotes leukopoiesis
• Interferon-Beta 1a and 1b

Question 9

Cytokine Surface Receptors
VS
soluble cytokine receptors

Answer 9

• found on target cells, interact with cytokine to augment immune activity
• interact with targeted cytokines and augments/suppresses cytokine activity

Question 10

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)

Answer 10

• allow hosts immune system to detect difference between self and foreign cells
• functions: organ transplantation; immune mediated resulting in survival or rejection

-equivalent to MHC complex

Question 11

Endogenous Antibodies function

Answer 11

• activate complement
• facilitate opsonization
• directly neutralize virus or toxin
• AB dependent cytotoxicity of cell
• direct antimicrobial action generate oxidants
• reduce damage of inflammation to host

Question 12

Five immunoglobulin classes

Answer 12

• IgM pentamer
• IgG monomer
• secretory IgA dimer
• IgE monomer
• IgD monomer