Week 1- Lec 1- Immunity

Question 1

What is the haptene-carrier adduct?

Answer 1

-immune response to smaller molecules

Haptene: small molecule that is somewhat antigenic but alone cannot elicit an immune response

Carrier: large immunogenic molecule that when coupled with haptene will elicit an immune response

Question 2

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 2

engulf and digestion of AG; neutralize

Question 3

Antigen Presenting Cells(APC)- What is it?

Answer 3

macrophage, dendritic cell or B lymphocytes recognize AG & present to effector cells

Question 4

Antigen recognition is done by what component of the immune system?

Answer 4

lymphocytes which include B or T cells

Question 5

What is the process of antigen processing?

Answer 5

AG links to appropriate Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC) and lymphocyte receptor

Question 6

Classification of antigens:

Source? Type? Example? Significance?

Answer 6

Exogenous - Several -Microorganisms , drug, pollen- susceptibility to infection; asthma

Endogenous- Xenoantigen -Tissue AG cross- react w/ exogen. AG - Post-strep glomerulonephritis; rhematic fever; pathogenesis of immune disease

Autologous- autoantigen- organ specific AG-autoimmune disease (SLE, RA, Diabetes)

Allogenic- Alloantigen- Blood group; HLA- transfusion reactions; transplant rejection

Question 7

What are epitopes?

Answer 7

Antigen determinants on antigen

Question 8

Innate immunity vs adaptive immunity

Answer 8

Innate Immunity-
-Present at birth
uses pre-existing cells, mediators and/or receptors to identify and eliminate pathogens from host.

Acquired or Adaptive Immunity

• the Host’s immune ability to develop a specific immune protection against foreign invading substance or antigen (AG).
• Cell mediated Immune response
• Humoral Immune Response

Question 9

Innate leukocytes consist of?

Answer 9

Neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes & dendritic cells

Question 10

What are toll-like receptors?

Answer 10

family of pattern recognition receptors(PRR) on surface of innate Antigen-Presenting cells (APC) (neutrophils ;dendritic cell, macrophage)

Binding of AG ligand to TLR enables phagocytes to recognize & engulf pathogen.

Question 11

What are pathogen associated molecular patterns?

Answer 11

Pattern recognition receptos recognize antigens through PAMPS

Question 12

Which cell does all immune cells arise from

Answer 12

hematopoietic stem cell

Question 13

B lymphocyes function

Answer 13

recognize soluble or cell surface AG and differentiate into antibody(AB) forming Plasma Cells.

Question 14

T Helper Lymphocytes(CD4+ cells) function:

Answer 14

recognize AG on surface of Antigen Presenting Cells(APC) and secrete specific cytokines that stimulate other immune cell responses and inflammation.

Question 15

Cytotoxic Lymphocytes(CTL) or CD8+ cells function:

Answer 15

recognize AG in invaded cells through MHC molecules and APC and destroy these cells.

Question 16

Regulatory T lymphocytes function:

Answer 16

limit or down regulate activation of other lymphocytes and prevent autoimmunity(response to self)

Question 17

Natural Killer Cells function

Answer 17

recognize changes on cells invaded by an antigen and destroy these cells. NK cells are part of Innate Immunity