week 1 lecture 2 measurements (Systolic Assess) Flashcards
Teicholz measurement
2D linear
calculates EF using LVIDs and LVIDd
Assumptions: prolate ellipse, L is 2W, symmetrical contraction
Therefore, not accurate… but should make sense
Cardiac output
CO = HR * SV
normal is 4-8 L/min
Cardiac index
CO indexed to BSA
CI = CO/BSA
normal is 3-4 L/min/m^2
Cardiac Reserve
Difference btw rate heart pumps blood at rest and the max capacity of the heart
ie. how much the heart can increase CO
tested by dobutamine stress echo
EPSS
E Pt. Septal Separation
Distance btw AMVL (E Pt.) and Ventricular septum in early diastole
normal is <= 6 mm
an incr in EPSS suggests a drop in EF
dP/dt
way to measure LV function if patient has moderate or worse MR
measures rate of change in LV press during isovol contraction
dP is change in press
dt is change in time
CW trace of MR
- measure how long it takes to go from 1m/s to 3m/s
- normally should rise quickly; normal LV dP/dt > 1000mmHg/s
Visual Assessment
visual assessment to est EF (for both LV and RV)
LV get percentage
RV get category: N, mild, mod, severe dysf.
- is RV dilated?
- is lateral TV annulus moving up and down?
- is RV free wall squeezing in?
Simpsons EF
best way to get LV EF
trace borders of LV at ED and ES in 2ch and 4ch
3D full volume
similar to simpsons EF but use 3D instead of 2D probe (use either Simpsons or 3D full vol)
decr risk of foreshortened heart
Strain
measures deformity of individual cardiomyocytes
uses speckle tracking
can predict loss of function before EF drops
normal ~ -20%
TAPSE
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion
put m-mode cursor through TV lateral annulus
normal >16 mm
S’ or TDI (RV)
note: S’ is the measurement we get from TDI
put m-mode cursor through TV annulus to measure how quickly it moves up in systole
normal is >=9.5 cm/s
