Week 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is physiology ?
The study of all the mechanisms of how our body functions and how all of our systems are Inter grated to understand human body function to develop efficent and effective treatments
Anatomy
The science pf body structures and their relationship
Dissection
Medical imaging
Physiology
The science of body functions
Chemical level
Atoms (small units of matter)
Eg carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen
Molecules (2 or more atoms)
Eg glucose, amino acids, dna
Cellular level
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of an organism
Specialised for specific functions
Eg muscle fibres, neurones, epithelial cells
Tissue level
Tissues are groups of cells and surrounding material
Work together to perform a particular function
4 types
Epithelial tissue
Covers body surfaces , lines hollow organs and cavities, form glands
Connective tissue
Connects, supports and protects, distributing blood vessels
Muscular tissue
Contracts to make body parts move
Nervous tissue
Transmits information via nerve impulses
Organ level
Organs are composed of 2 or more types of tissue
Organs have specific functions and recognisable shapes
Eg. Stomach, lungs,liver,heart,brain
System level
A system consists of related organs that have a common function
Eg. Digestive system- GI tract, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas
Organ may be part of more than one system
Eg pancreas is part of digestive and endocrine
Organism level
All parts of our body functioning together
Integumentary
Componentes = skin and associated structures eg hair, fingernails, sweat glands
Functions- protects body , regulate body temperature, sensation and insulation
Skeletal
Components- bones joints, cartilage
Functions- support,protection and aids movement
Muscular systems of the human body
Components - skeletal muscle tissue
Functions=body movement, posture, heat production
Nervous systems of the human body
Components - brain, spinal cord, nerves, specialised organs
Functions- regulate body activity, detect and interpret changes
Endocrine Systems of the human body
Components = hormone producing glands eg pineal, pituitary, thyroid
Functions=regulate body activity
Cardiovascular systems of the human body
Components= heart, bloody vessels, blood
Functions= transport oxygen and nutrients, remove waste, regulation
Lymphatic Systems of human body
Components = lymphatic fluid, spleen, thymus
Functions= return protiens and fluid to blood, transports lipids from GI tract , immune (B, T Cells)
Respiratory system of the human body
Components = lungs, pharynx, trachea
function= transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide, regulation of acid- base balance
Digestive system of the human body
Components - GI tract, accessory organ eg liver, pancreas
Functions = physical and chemical digestion of food, nutrient absorption, waste elimination
Urinary systems of the human body
Components = kidneys, ureter, bladder
Functions = produce, store and eliminate waste , regulate fluid balance
Reproductive system of the human body
Components - gonads and associated organs
Functions = produce and store gametes, produce hormones
Metabolism
Sum of all chemical processes in the body
- catabolism
-anabolism
Responsiveness
Ability to detect and respond to change
Internal or external environment
Movement
Motion at different levels
Sub-cellular(eg vesicles)
Cellular (immune cells)
Organs(stomach contraction)
Whole body (leg muscles)
Growth
Increase body in size
Cell size,number
Inter-cell material
Differentiation
Development of a cell from unspecialised to specialised
Stem cells
Reproduction
Production of new cells through cell division
Formation of new cells fro tissue growth, repair or replacement
New individual
