Week 1 Key Concepts Flashcards
1
Q
Clinical Psychologists
A
- Requires doctorate degree
- 4 years of coursework including thesis/dissertation
- predoctoral & postdoctoral internship
- Take the EPPP (Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology) for licensure
- CEUs (Continuing Education Units) to maintain competence in the growing field of psychology
- Study, assess, and treat people with psychological problems/disorders (psychotherapy)
- Unique from other practictioners in that they can administer psychological assessments
2
Q
Specialties in Clinical Psychology
A
- Child Clinical Psychology
- Clinical Health Psychology
- Pediatric Psychology (Child Health Psychology)
- Clinical Neuropsychology
- Forensic Psychology
- Geropsychology (older population)
- Community Psychology
3
Q
Three Models of Training in Clinical Psychology
A
- Scientist Practioner (Boulder) model
- dual emphasis on practice AND research
- receive training in applying clinical methods (assessment, psychotherapy) and research methods to study the field scientifically
- PhD
- Practitioner Scholar (Vail) model
- Leans toward practice with less extensive training in research and more in developing applied clinical skills
- PsyD
- Clinical Scientist model
- stresses scientific side of psychology with the scientific method & evidence based clinical methods
- PhD
4
Q
Counseling Psychologists
A
- Require either PhD or PsyD
- more likely to work with less pathological clients
- Often work in university counseling centers as opposed clinical psychologists working in hospitals/inpatient psychiatric units
- Tend to endorse a humanistic/client centered approach more strongly as opposed to clinical psychologists endorsing behaviorism more strongly
5
Q
School Psychologists
A
- Enhance the intellectual, emotional, social, & developmental lives of students
- Conduct psychological testing to determine diagnoses such as learning disabilities & ADHD
- Especially intelligence & achievement tests
- Use/develop programs to meet educational/emotional needs of students
- Consult with adults involved in the student’s lives
- Teachers, school administrators, school staff, parents
- Limited in direct counseling with students
- Require PhD but there are MA-level school psychologists
6
Q
Social Workers
A
- Most have an MSW (masters of social work) but there are PhD options
- Focus on interaction between an individual & the components of society that may contribute to or alleviate their problems
- See client’s problems as products of social ills
- Racism, oppresive gender roles, poverty, abuse, etc
- Arrange for clients to transition successfully to the community after leaving inpatient units with housing, employment, & outpatient mental health services
- Connect clients with social services
- Welfare agencies, disability offices, job training sites
7
Q
Professional Counselors:
Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs)
Licensed Professional Counselor (LPCC)
A
- Require MA degree
- Work generally involves counseling with little emphasis on psychological testing or research
- Focus on providing services to clients
- Specialze in areas such as career, school, addiction, couple/family, or college counseling
8
Q
MA training in Psychology
A
- General masters degree in psychology
- Provide a broad base of how the scientific ideologies of psychology are applied to behavioral, cognitive, and societal issues
- Do not qualify students for private practice, but can be used as a means of clarifying career options for students who are unsure, and could be used as a first step to a PhD degree
9
Q
Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Nurses
A
- Require an MD (medical degree) or DO (doctor of osteopathy)
- Licensed as physicans
- Prescribe medication
- Emphasize biology and view disorders as physiological abnormalities of the brain
- Fix the brain by prescribing medication
- Psychiatric Nurses
- Can prescribe medication under supervision of an MD
10
Q
“Psychotherapists”
A
- psychoanalytic approach which attends to the hidden or unconscious processes of the mind
- does not require a PhD, just an MA
- sketchy! Be careful when choosing one
11
Q
Diagnostic Approaches/Models:
The D’s of Diagnosis
A
- Distress, Deviance, Dysfunction/Disability, & Statistical Infrequency
- Normative approach
- Looks at deviance- Is it normal in their culture?
- Ex. Schizophrenia
- Subjective Distress
- Does it look like they are in distress?
- Ex. Depression, Panic Disorders
- Impaired Social Functioning
- Does it stop them from functioning normal in society?
- Ex. Social Phobia
- Satistical Infrequency
- Rarer disorders
- Ex. Dissociative Identity Disorder
12
Q
Harmful Dysfunction Theory
A
- Harmful
- Subjective, based on social norms
- Dysfunction
- Objective, scientific term
- Failure of a mental mechanism to perform a natural function for which it is designed by evolution
- A disorder combines both value & scientific components
- We consider both scientific data & social values in the context of which the behavior took place
13
Q
Medical Model of Psychopathology
A
- Used in the DSM
- Each disorder is defined categorically and features a specific list of symptoms
14
Q
Benefits of Diagnosis (diagnostic labels)
A
- Professionals
- Leads to more funded research of the disorder to discover etiology (cause)
- Clinicians can begin to add the disorder to their vocabulary, leading to more communication
- Clients
- Lets them identify and demystify their experiences
- Helps them feel like they share a recognized problem with other people & aren’t alone
- Can help acknowledge the significance to their family/friends, people will take a label more seriously
- Allows them to gain access to treatment/medication, possibly through health insurance
15
Q
Costs/Risks of Diagnosis
A
- Prejudice
- labels could carry stigma that can damage self image and lead to others stereotyping that individual
- Legal issues
- Diagnostic labels could affect decisions in child custody cases, sentencing decisions, & fitness to stand trail
- Cultural/Context
- Is it abnormal in Western norms, but normal in their culture?
- Is it still normal if a whole culture participates in a pathological behavior?
- Would extensive rituals in a certain religion mean they all have OCD?
- Anorexia is seen everywhere but bulimia is more tied to Western norms/ introduction of media
- If you talk to God you’re religious, if God talks to you you’re schizophrenic
- Reliability
- Diagnostic Overexpansion, diagnoses cover too much of normal life and labels that as a mental illness
- Why 2 weeks for symptoms and not 3? Controversial cutoffs
- Power- who decides?
- Mostly white, male, middle class psychiatrists
- Creates bias
- High prices for DSM might influence decisions made in creating it
