Intelligence Testing Key Concepts Flashcards
Ability/Achievement vs. Aptitute/Intelligence
- Intelligence refers to the intellectual ability, and what they COULD achieve
- while Achievement refers to what has been accomplished so far with those intellectual abilities, or what they HAVE achieved thus far in life
Binet-Simon Scale
- “Formal testing movement” 1st of it’s kind
- distinguished those that had actual learning disorders vs. those that just didn’t want to learn
- based on a hierarchy of difficulty with 30 tasks
- Intelligence was equal to hardest task completed
- Later known as the Stanford-Binet test of intelligence
Driving Forces in the Test Movement
- German psycho-social tradition, Hitler based ideas looking at the strongest and smartest of people
- Introduction of a universal, more formal education
- World Wars- wanted to see which soldiers were smarter or less smarter to see who to send to the frontiers
Formal Definition of Intelligence
- Adjustment/Adaptation to environment
- Ability to learn
- Abstract/higher level of cognition
- Culture values
Spearman’s 2 factor theory of intelligence
- General factor (g) + specific factors (s)= test performance
Thurstone’s Multidimensional Theory of Intelligence
- no g (general factor)
- primary mental abilities w/ equal abilities (7) as compared to 6 in multiple intelligences
- number
- word fluency
- verbal meaning
- perceptual speed
- space
- reasoning
- memory
Vernon’s Hierarchial Theory of Intelligence
- G is the highest level
- Followed by verbal educational & spatial mechanical–> smaller subdivisions –> speclized skills
Cattel’s Theory of Intelligence
(fluid intelligence vs. crystallized intelligence)
- G is the highest level, followed by fluid intelligence & crystallized intelligence
- Fluid intelligence
- genetically based
- mental operations/processes- (how you learn)
- Crystallized intelligence
- culture based learning
- acquired skills/knowledge
- included overlearned cognitive functions
- achievement related- things that you learn over time
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
- 6 intelligences (remember that Thurstone’s primary mental abilities is 7 and this one is 6)
- Linguistic
- Musical
- Logical-mathematical
- Spatial
- Bodily-kinesthetic
- Personal (inter & intra)
- Controversy: but are these just talents??
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
- Remember the triangle
- 3 components:
- Componential-analytical thinking (booksmart) includes problem solving & knowledge acquisition
- Experiential- creative thinking- how you take on novel tasks
- Contextual-street smarts- how you adapt to your new environments
Guilford’s Structure of the Intellect Model
- Content –> Operations –> Product
- Content includes the areas of information were the operations are performed and lead to products
- Ex.
- content: visual, auditory
- operations: memory, cognition
Summary of the Theories: Are they g or not?
- Spearman 2 factor theory- G
- overall g factor with subsets
- Thurstone Multidimensional Theory- S
- no g factor, just 7 primary mental abilities
- Vernon Hierarchial Theory- G
- overall g factor with subsets of verbal educational & spaitial-mechanical
- Cattel Intellgience Theory- G
- overall g factor made up of fluid & crystallized intelligence
- Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences- S
- no g factor, just 6 multiple intelligences
- Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
- no g factor, just 3 different components
Ratio IQ
- (Mental Age/ Chronological Age) x 100
Deviation IQ
how the IQ performance deviates from others that age
Normal Distribution of IQ
mean =100/ 50th percentile
sd=15
IQ stability
Abilities like spatial orientaiton, verbal ability, & inductive reasoning reach a plateu and are sustained through adulthood but start to decline around ages 50-60
*Crystallized intellgience continues to increase though (you continue to acquire new knowledge you just have trouble with the fluid intelligence part)
