Week 1:Introduction to the Module. What is multimedia networking? Flashcards
What is multimedia networking?
diverse classes of media employed to represent information
What is - Multimedia traffic?
the transmission of data representing diverse media over communication networks
What are the three types of diversity of media?
- Visuals
- Sound
- Text
What are examples of visual media?
o Maps
o Still images
o animation
What are examples of sound media?
o Speech
o Music
o voices
What are examples of text media?
o Hypertext
o Plain text
o Formatted text
What is an example of text and sound media?
o Phonetic transcription
What are examples of visual and sound media?
o File
o Video
What are examples of visual and text media?
o Math
o Tables
What are the two types of Multimedia Classification?
- Real-time(RT)
- Non-Real-Time(NRT)
What is Real-Time(RT) multimedia classification?
Either hard or soft bounds on end-to-end packet delay/jitter
What is -Non-Real-Time (NRT) multimedia classification?
Do not have any strict delay constraints, but may have rigid constraints on error
What are three different types of text protocols?
FTP (file transfer protocol) Transfer binary and ASCII
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol for HTML pages)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol: for emails)
What are three different types of text protocols?
FTP (file transfer protocol) Transfer binary and ASCII
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol for HTML pages)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol: for emails)
What is the Shannon-Fano Coding compression Scheme?
Uses variable length code words
Symbols with a higher probability of occurrence are represented by smaller codes-words
What is the Huffman Coding compression Scheme?
Same as Shannon-Fano Coding
Uses variable length code words
Symbols with a higher probability of occurrence are represented by smaller codes-words
What is the LZW Compression Scheme?
Replaces strings of characters with single codes
Does not analyse incoming text
Adds every new string of characters to a table of strings
Compression occurs when a single code is an output instead of characters
WHat is the Unix Compress Compression Scheme?
Uses LZW with a growing dictionary
Initially the dictionary contains 512 entries, is doubled till it reaches the maximum value from the user
How is audio compressed?
Sound/speech converted into digital form using sampling and quantization
Transmitted as a stream of discrete packets
Bandwidth requirements of digitalised audio depends on its dynamic range and/or spectrum
What does the bandwidth requirements for digitised video depend on?
the spatial redundancy present within every frame and the temporal redundancy present in consecutive frames
Define Hypertext and explain the traversal through hypertext
Hypertext is a text which is not constrained to be linear (unlike a book)
Hypertext is the text which contains links to other texts. The term was coined by Ted Nelson around 1965
Define Hypermedia and list 4 hypermedia applications.
a. Extension of the hypertext, a framework within which hyperlinking can occur
b. not constrained to be text-based. It can include other static media like images, and especially continuous media - sound and video.
- MS PowerPoint
- Excel spreadsheets
- Microsoft Office
- Adobe Acrobat (or other PDF software)
- Adobe Flash and many others.
What is meant by the terms static (or discrete) media and dynamic (or continuous) media? Give examples of each type of media.
a. Static media—this refers to content that doesn’t change- Newspaper advertisement
b. Dynamic Media - content that is constantly updated and interactive. - websites, online forums and social media feed
Why is the use of file or data compression necessary for Multimedia activities?
a. The file size makes it time-consuming to move them
b. Compression shrinks files, making them smaller and more practical to store and share.
c. Because data comes in different types
Give a definition of multimedia and multimedia system.
a. Multimedia is a form of communication that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio and images
b. A multimedia network system is one that can create, import, integrate, store, retrieve, edit, and delete two or more types of media materials in digital form
What are the key distinctions between multimedia data and more conventional types of media?
b. Conventional types of media only have one form of media
c. Multimedia media may vary
What key issues or problems does a multimedia system have to deal with when handling multimedia data?
How to represent and store temporal information.
Bandwidth, storage
List the four basic characteristics of multimedia systems?
a. Multimedia systems must be computer controlled.
b. Multimedia systems are integrated.
c. The information they handle must be represented digitally.
d. The interface to the final presentation of media is usually interactive
List some challenges that can face multimedia systems
Sequencing within the media – playing frames in the correct order/time frame in the video
Synchronisation
