Week 1- Introduction Flashcards
What is the definition of manufacturing?
Manufacturing is the application of physical and chemical processes to alter the geometry, properties, and/or appearance of a given starting material to make parts or products.
List the importance of manufacturing.
- Technologically
- Economically
- Historically
How does manufacturing contribute to a nation’s economy?
Manufacturing creates material wealth, constituting approximately 25% of GNP in Turkey.
What are the three basic categories of engineering materials?
- Metals
- Ceramics
- Polymers
What is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary industries?
- Primary industries: cultivate and exploit natural resources
- Secondary industries: convert outputs of primary industries into consumer and capital goods
- Tertiary industries: service sector of the economy
What is the relationship between production quantity and product variety?
An inverse correlation exists; high product variety typically means low production quantity and vice versa.
Fill in the blank: Manufacturing adds ______ to the material by changing its shape or properties.
[value]
Define ‘soft product variety’.
Soft product variety refers to small differences between products, such as variations among car models made on the same production line.
Define ‘hard product variety’.
Hard product variety refers to substantial differences between products, with few or no common parts, e.g., a small car vs. a large truck.
What are the three building blocks of manufacturing capability?
- Materials
- Processes
- Systems
What is meant by ‘technological processing capability’?
It refers to the available set of manufacturing processes in a plant, which are suited to certain materials.
What is the maximum rate of production that a plant can achieve called?
Production capacity.
What are the two basic types of manufacturing processes?
- Processing operations
- Assembly operations
What is the purpose of shaping operations in manufacturing?
To alter the geometry of the starting work material.
What are the four categories of shaping processes?
- Solidification processes
- Particulate processing
- Deformation processes
- Material removal processes
What is ‘casting’ used for?
Casting is used to transform heated liquid or semifluid starting materials into solid parts.
What defines a ‘net shape process’?
A net shape process is when most of the starting material is used and no subsequent machining is required to achieve final part geometry.
What is the purpose of surface processing operations?
To clean, treat, coat, or deposit material onto the exterior surface of the work.
True or False: Assembly operations create permanent joints between parts.
True.
What are the two categories of polymers?
- Thermoplastic polymers
- Thermosetting polymers
What are composites in manufacturing?
Composites are materials consisting of two or more phases that are processed separately and then bonded together.
What defines ‘property-enhancing processes’?
Processes performed to improve mechanical or physical properties of the work material without altering its shape.
Fill in the blank: The historical significance of manufacturing is often ______.
[underestimated]
What is the purpose of cleaning in surface processing operations?
To remove dirt, oil, and other contaminants from the surface
Cleaning involves both chemical and mechanical processes.
What are surface treatments in the context of surface processing?
Mechanical working such as sand blasting and physical processes like diffusion
These processes improve surface properties.
What does coating and thin film deposition involve?
Coating the exterior surface of the workpart.
What is the definition of assembly operations?
Two or more separate parts are joined to form a new entity.
What are joining processes?
Processes that create a permanent joint, such as welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding.
What is mechanical assembly?
Fastening by mechanical methods, such as screws, bolts, nuts, and other threaded fasteners.
What are the two categories of production systems?
- Production facilities
- Manufacturing support systems
What do production facilities include?
The factory, production equipment, and material handling equipment.
What is the significance of plant layout in production facilities?
It refers to the arrangement of equipment in the factory.
What is a job shop in the context of low quantity production?
A production facility that makes low quantities of specialized and customized products.
What is the range of low quantity production?
1 to 100 units per year.
What is a process or functional layout?
Layout where individual components of large products are produced on machines arranged by function.
What is a fixed position layout?
A layout where the product remains in a single location during fabrication or assembly.
What is the medium quantity production range?
100 to 10,000 units annually.
What are the two types of facilities for medium quantity production?
- Batch production (hard product variety)
- Cellular manufacturing (soft product variety)
What is the range of high quantity production?
10,000 to millions of units per year.
What is mass production?
Manufacturing system dedicated to the production of high demand products.
What are the two categories of mass production?
- Quantity production
- Flow line production
What characterizes quantity production?
Mass production of single parts on single machine or small numbers of machines.
What is flow line production?
Multiple machines or workstations arranged in sequence for complex product assembly.
What do manufacturing support systems accomplish?
They manage production operations through design, planning, control, and quality assurance.
What are typical departments in manufacturing support systems?
- Manufacturing engineering
- Production planning and control
- Quality assurance
