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Human Body > Week 1 - Introduction > Flashcards

Week 1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Body Regions - Anterior

A

1 - Head

2 - Neck

3 - Thorax

4 - Abdomen

5 - Pelvis

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2
Q

Limb Regions - Anterior

A

1 - Shoulder

2 - Arm (brachium)

3 - Cubital Fossa

4 - Forearm (antebrachium)

5 - Wrist

6 - Hand

7 - Groin

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3
Q

Body Regions - Posterior

A

6 - Back

7 - Gluteal Region

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4
Q

Limb Regions - Posterior

A

8 - Hip

9 - Thigh

10 - Popliteal fossa

11 - Leg (crus)

12 - Ankle

13 - Foot

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5
Q

Supine

Prone

A

Lying face Up

Lying face Down

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6
Q

Superficial

Deep

A

Closer to body surface

Farther from surface

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7
Q

Superior

Inferior

A

Closer to head

Closer to Feet

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8
Q

Proximal

Distal

A

Closer to heart

Farther from heart

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9
Q

Medial

Lateral

A

Closer to midline

Farther from midline

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10
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

divides body into left/right sections

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11
Q

Coronal Plane

A

divides body into anterior/posterior sections

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12
Q

Axial Plane

A

divides body into superior/inferior sections; by convention, viewed from inferiorly (used in CT/MRI)

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13
Q

Leg Connective Tissue

A

1 - Dermis (inner skin layer)

2 - Subcutaneous fat

3 - Bone

4 - Deep fascia

5 - Tendons

6 - Adventitia (outer layer of blood vessels)

7 - connective tissue surrounding nervous

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14
Q

Leg Muscle Groups

A

1 - Deep fascia

2 - Fascial Septa

3 - Periosteum

4 - Tendons

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15
Q

Axial Bones - Anterior

A

1 - Skull

2 - Mandible

3 - Teeth

4 - Sternum

5 - Ribs (12)

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16
Q

Axial Bones - Posterior

A

6 - Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7)

7 - Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)

8 - Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)

9 - Sacrum

10 - Coccyx

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17
Q

Appendicular Bones - Posterior

A

8 - Ilium

9 - Pubis

10 - Ischium

11 - Femur

12 - Tibia

13 - Fibula

14 - Tarsals

15 - Metatarsals, Phalanges

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18
Q

Appendicular Bones - Anterior

A

1 - Clavicle

2 - Scapula

3 - Humerus

4 - Radius

5 - Ulna

6 - Carpals

7 - Metacarpals, Phalanges

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19
Q

Axial Joints - Anterior

A

1 - Temporomandibular

2 - Laryngeal

3 - Chondrosternal

4- Costochondral

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20
Q

Axial Joints - Posterior

A

6 - Atlanto-occipital

7 - Costovertebral, Costotransverse

8 - Lumbosacral

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21
Q

Appendicular Joints - Anterior

A

1 - Pubic symphysis

2 - Sternoclavicular

3 - Acromioclavicular

4 - Glenohumeral

5 - Elbow

6 - Radioulnar

7 - Radiocarpal

22
Q

Appendicular Joints - Posterior

A

8 - Sacroiliac
9 - Hip
10 - Knee
11 - Talocrural
12 - Pubic symphysis (cartilaginous)

23
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Dorsal/superior surface moves closer to anterior surface of leg

24
Q

Plantarflexion

A

plantar (volar, inferior) surface moves closer to posterior surface of leg

25
Q

Solid Organ Components

A

1 - Parenchyma - Functional Epitthelial Cell

2 - Tissue Stroma - Connective tissue that supports, organizes parenchyma

26
Q

Hollow Organ Components

A

1 - Lumen - space

2 - Inner epithelial layer

3 - Outer connective tissue layer

4 - Alternating layers of connective tissue, muscle

27
Q

Respiratory System

A

1 - Larynx

2 - Trachea

3 - Bronchi

4 - Lungs

28
Q

Digestive System

A

1 - Oral cavity

2 - Salivary gland

3 - Esophagus

4 - Stomach

5 - Duodenum

6 - Liver

7 - Pancreas

8 - Jejunum

9 - Ileum

10 - Colon

11 - Rectum

29
Q

Male Urogenital System

A

1 - Kidneys

2 - Ureters

3 - Bladder

4 - Urethra

5 - Testes

6 - Vasa deferentias

7 - Seminal vesicles

30
Q

Female Reproductive System

A

1 - Ovaries

2 - Uterine tubes

3 - Uterus

4 - Vagina

31
Q

Endocrinine System

A

1 - Pituitary gland

2 - Thyroid gland

3 - Parathyroid gland

4 - Adrenal (suprarenal) glands

5 - Pancrias

6 - Kidney

7 - Testes

32
Q

Lungs

A

1 - Lungs

2 - Mediastinum

2a - Parietal pleura

2b - Visceral pleura

33
Q

Central Nervous System Components

A
  1. Brain
  2. Spinal Cord
34
Q

Bones of the CNS

A
  1. Cranial Cavity surrounded by the SKULL
  2. Vertebrae and intervetebral disks surrounded by VERTEBRAL CANAL
35
Q

Meningeal Layers of the CNS

A
  1. PIA MATER- adheres to brain and spinal cord
  2. ARACHNOID MATER- surrounds the pia mater
  3. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)- fills the space between pia mater and arachnoid mater
  4. DURA MATER- adheres to the inside of the skull/lies within the vertebral canal
36
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

1- Components (and # of nerves per type)

  1. Where each type of nerve exits the cranial cavity/spinal column
A
  1. The Cranial Nerves (1-12)

The Spinal Nerves (C1-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5, and coccygeal 1)

  1. Cranial nerves enter and leave the cranial cavity via FORAMINA (small passages) in the skull

Spinal nervers enter and leave the spinal column via INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMINA

37
Q

Somatic Motor Fibers (GSE)

A

Convey motor impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscle directly.

The nerve cell body lies in the CNS

38
Q

Visceral Motor Fibers (GVE)

A

Convey sensation from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, or chromaffin cells VIA the SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA (sympathetic impusles) or the PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA (parasympathetic impusles)

The nerve cell body lies in the CNS

39
Q

Somatic Sensory Fibers (GSA)

A

Convey sensation from skin, musculoskeletal structures, and the parietal linings of the body back to the CNS.

The nerve cell body lies in the SENSORY GANGLIA- note that this does not mean the sensation must pass through a synapse

40
Q

Visceral Sensory Fibers (GVA)

A

Convey sensation from the respiratory, digestive, urogenital, and circulatory systems back to the CNS

The nerve body lies in the SENSORY GANGLIA- note that this does not mean that there are more than one nerve fibers (and no synapses)

41
Q

Special Sensory Fibers (SSA)

A

Convey sensations from the eye, olfactory mucosa, taste buds, and inner ear.

NOTE- only in cranial nerves

42
Q

Spinal Nerves - Cross Section

A

1 - Anterior (Motor) Root

2 - Posterior (Sensory) Root

3 - Spinal Nerve

4 - Anterior Ramus

5 - Posterior Ramus

43
Q

Components of Blood

A

Plasma (55%)

Buffy Coat (leukocytes and platelets; <1%)

Hematocrit (erethryocytes; 45%)

44
Q

Heart

A

1 - Right Atrium

2 - Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

3 - Right ventricle

4 - Pulmonary valve

5 - Pulmonary trunk

6 - Left atrium

7 - Left atrioventricular (mitral) valve

8 - Left ventricle

9 - Aortic valve

10 - Aorta

45
Q

Anastomosis

A

Natural communication (direct or indirect) between 2 blood vessels (or other tubular structures); can provide alternative pathway for blood

46
Q

Shunt

A

Bypass or diversion

47
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal communication between tubular structures (e.g. arteriovenous fistula)

48
Q

Arteries

A

1 - Pulmonary arteries

2 - Lungs

3 - Aorta

4 - Arterial network

5 - Capillary beds

49
Q

Veins

A

1 - Pulmonary veins

2 - Superior vena cava

3 - Inferior vena cava

4 - Capillary beds

5 - Portal vein

50
Q

Abdomen

A

1 - Intestines

2a - Parietal peritoneum

2b - Visceral peritoneum

3 - Mesentery

4 - Retroperitoneum

Human Body (2 decks)

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