Gross Lab #1

Question 1

Functions of the Spine

Answer 1

1. Transmitting weight
2. Providing attachment points for muscles
3. Site of hemopoiesis
4. Metabolic reservoir for calcium/other minerals
5. Protecting the spinal cord, roots of spinal nerves (unless the bones are fractured)

Question 2

Parts of Vertebrae (numbered from top to bottom, 1-5)

Answer 2

1. Vertebral body
2. Pedicle
3. Transverse Process
4. Lamina
5. Spinous Process

Question 3

Vertebral Arch

Answer 3

Posterior part of vertebrae, consisting of two pedicles, two transverse processes, two lamina, and one spinous process.

Question 4

Answer 4

1. Vertebral Body
2. Superior articular facet
3. Transverse process
4. Spinous process
5. Inferior articular facet
6. Pars interarticularis (bone between superior and inferious articular facet

Star- Intervertebral foramina

Question 5

Type of vertebrae

Answer 5

Cervical vertebrae

1. Transverse foramen (where the vertebral artery runs)

Question 6

Type of vertebrae

Answer 6

Thoracic Vertebrae

1. Costal facets (where the ribs attach)

Question 7

Type of vertebrae

Answer 7

Lumbar Vertebrae

1. Mammilary process (attach to small muscles of the back)

Question 8

Spondylolysis

Answer 8

Vertebral defect, commonly through the pars interarticularis. Only on one side.

Question 9

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 9

Anterior displacement of the vertebrae superior to the pars interarticularis separation.

Question 10

Joints

Answer 10

1. Facet joints (synovial)
2. Intervertebral (fibrocartilaginous)
3. Inferior articular process

Question 11

Vertebral ligaments

Answer 11

1. Supraspinous ligament
2. Arterior longitudinal ligament
3. Interspinous ligament
4. Posterior longitudinal ligament
5. Ligamentum flavum

Question 12

Intervertebral disc

Answer 12

1. Anulus fibrosus (connective tissue- collagen)
2. Nucleus pulposus (gelatinous)

Question 13

Extrinsic Back Muscles

Answer 13

1. Trapezius
2. Deltoid
3. Triceps
4. Latissimus dorsi
5. External abdominal oblique
6. Gluteus medius
7. Gluteus maximus

Question 14

Extrinsic Back Muscles- Serratus posterior

Answer 14

8. Serratus posterior superior
9. Serratus posterior inferior

Question 15

Intrinsic Back Muscles

Answer 15

Erector Spinae Muscles

10. Spinalis
11. Longissimus
12. Iliocostalis

Question 16

Epidural Space

Answer 16

External to the DURA MATER

Question 17

Subdural Space

Answer 17

Between the DURA MATER and the ARACHNOID MATER

Question 18

Subarachnoid Space

Answer 18

Between the ARACHNOID MATER and the PIA MATER- This is where you would find cerebrospinal fluid during a lumbar puncture

Question 19

Flap #1

Answer 19

Cutaneous Flap

Question 20

Flap #2

Answer 20

Fasciocutaneous flap- skin, subcutaneous fat and deep fascia

Question 21

Flap #3

Answer 21

Myocutaneous pedicle flap- preserves original blood supply! Includes skin, subcutaneous fat, deep fascia, plus muscle and blood

Question 22

Flap #4

Answer 22

Osteomyocutaneous free flap- Detaches blood supply. This includes bone, muscle, and skin being detached.

Question 23

Erector Spinae Muscles- Names, Function, Innervation, and Locations

Answer 23

1. Iliocostalis (most lateral)- Spine extension and lateral bending. Innervated by the dorsal rami of lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spinal nerves. Inferior attachement on pelvis, sacrum, and L1-L5. Superior attachment on ribs and T12-C3
2. Longissimus (in between)- Spine extension and lateral bending. Innervated by the dorsal rami of spinal nerves. Inferior attachment on L4-T1. Superior attachment on ribs, C7-C3, and temporal bone.
3. Spinalis (most medial)- upper spine extension. Innervated by dorsal rami of thoracic and cervical nerves. Inferior attachment on L5-T1. Superior attachment on T12-C7 and occipital bone.