Week 1: Intro to Pediatric Conditions Flashcards
What are the four categories of teratogens?
Physical
Chemical
Infectious Agents
Maternal Conditions
Teratogens
agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
Simply put: An agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo
What is one of the most commonly known teratogen?
Alcohol
No known safe amount of alcohol consumption during/trying for pregnancy
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASDs)
Define
a term that encompasses a range of physical, mental, and behavioral outcomes caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
Signs and Symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Fetal Death
Abnormal Facial Features
Growth Problems
CNS Problems
Can also have problems with learning, memory, attention span, communication, vision, or hearing.
True/False
FASD lasts for a lifetime.
True
Ecological Systems Theory
Define
views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Define
physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking.
Symptoms include abnormal facial features, growth problems, and central nervous system problems.
Hydrocephalus
Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain
Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus caused by a something obstructing the normal flow of CSF; CSF behind obstruction (between production in choroid plexus and obstruction) would increase in pressure; blockages can be from things like a tumor/mass or a clot of blood/infection.
Communicating Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus caused by a problem with the normal uptake of CSF through the arachnoid granulations; whole CSF system would have increased pressure
Microcephaly
Abnormally Small Head
Craniosynostosis
The premature fusing of the skull bones
Prematurity
Define
A birth that occurs before a gestational age of 37 weeks; 4 out of 5 premature births are cause by factors that contribute to early labor
Kangaroo Care
Treatment for preterm infants that involves skin-to-skin contact
Spina Bifida
Define
A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
Spina Bifida Occulta
Most common and least severe form of spina bifida without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges
Neural Tube
A groove formed in the top layer of differentiated cells in the embryo that eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord
Meningocele
The congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column
Myelomeningocele
Most severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and meninge protrude through the spine
Chiari Malformation
A condition in which brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, present at birth
Meneingitis
Inflammation of the meninges
Failure to Thrive (FTT)
A disorder of impaired growth in infancy and early childhood characterized by failure to gain weight within normal limits
Anencephaly
Congenital deformity in which some or all of fetal brain is missing
Torticollis
Wryneck; contraction of the cervical neck muscles, producing torsion of the neck