Week 1: Intro to Pediatric Conditions

Question 1

What are the four categories of teratogens?

Answer 1

Physical
Chemical
Infectious Agents
Maternal Conditions

Question 2

Teratogens

Answer 2

agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Simply put: An agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo

Question 3

What is one of the most commonly known teratogen?

Answer 3

Alcohol

No known safe amount of alcohol consumption during/trying for pregnancy

Question 4

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASDs)

Define

Answer 4

a term that encompasses a range of physical, mental, and behavioral outcomes caused by prenatal alcohol exposure

Question 5

Signs and Symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Answer 5

Fetal Death
Abnormal Facial Features
Growth Problems
CNS Problems

Can also have problems with learning, memory, attention span, communication, vision, or hearing.

Question 6

True/False
FASD lasts for a lifetime.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Ecological Systems Theory
Define

Answer 7

views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment

Question 8

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Define

Answer 8

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking.
Symptoms include abnormal facial features, growth problems, and central nervous system problems.

Question 9

Hydrocephalus

Answer 9

Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain

Question 10

Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus

Answer 10

Hydrocephalus caused by a something obstructing the normal flow of CSF; CSF behind obstruction (between production in choroid plexus and obstruction) would increase in pressure; blockages can be from things like a tumor/mass or a clot of blood/infection.

Question 11

Communicating Hydrocephalus

Answer 11

Hydrocephalus caused by a problem with the normal uptake of CSF through the arachnoid granulations; whole CSF system would have increased pressure

Question 12

Microcephaly

Answer 12

Abnormally Small Head

Question 13

Craniosynostosis

Answer 13

The premature fusing of the skull bones

Question 14

Prematurity
Define

Answer 14

A birth that occurs before a gestational age of 37 weeks; 4 out of 5 premature births are cause by factors that contribute to early labor

Question 15

Kangaroo Care

Answer 15

Treatment for preterm infants that involves skin-to-skin contact

Question 16

Spina Bifida
Define

Answer 16

A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

Question 17

Spina Bifida Occulta

Answer 17

Most common and least severe form of spina bifida without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges

Question 18

Neural Tube

Answer 18

A groove formed in the top layer of differentiated cells in the embryo that eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord

Question 19

Meningocele

Answer 19

The congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

Question 20

Myelomeningocele

Answer 20

Most severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and meninge protrude through the spine

Question 21

Chiari Malformation

Answer 21

A condition in which brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, present at birth

Question 22

Meneingitis

Answer 22

Inflammation of the meninges

Question 23

Failure to Thrive (FTT)

Answer 23

A disorder of impaired growth in infancy and early childhood characterized by failure to gain weight within normal limits

Question 24

Anencephaly

Answer 24

Congenital deformity in which some or all of fetal brain is missing

Question 25

Torticollis

Answer 25

Wryneck; contraction of the cervical neck muscles, producing torsion of the neck