Week 1 - Intro do Digital Technologies Flashcards
Define DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
- Electronic tools, Systems, Devices that Generate, Store and Process Computerised Data and Turn Them into Useful Information or Perform Other Tasks for their Intended User
- Allow Us to Share Information, Communicate with Others, Perform Online Transactions, Monitor or Control Other Devices
Define the Difference between DATA and INFORMATION
DATA - Raw Observations or Records of Basic Facts and Events such as Business Transactions (e.g. Date, Day of Week), data usually Convey Less Meaning
INFORMATION : Data Processed in Order to be Meaningful to Human Beings and Useful in their Decision Making
Digital Technologies are Supported by 3 Types of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) , State the 3
- Computer Hardware (e.g. desktop computers, smartphones, etc.)
- Computer Software (e.g. an operating system, piece of accounting software, mobile app, etc)
- Telecommunication Facilities and Networks (e.g. your router connecting you to internet)
BASIC System Model of an IS
check image on powerpoint
State 5 Types of Data Processing
- Classification
- Rearranging / Sorting
- Summarising / Aggregating
- Performing Calculations
- Selection
Provide Examples of the 2 Types of Data Processing - CLASSIFICATION and REARRANGING/SORTING
CLASSIFICATION : e.g. Transaction Data may be Classified as Invoice Data, Payment Data, Order Data
REARRANGING / SORTING : e.g. Data on Employees May be Ordered According to Ascending Employee Number
Provide Examples of the 2 Types of Data Processing - SUMMARISING / AGGREGATING and PERFORMING CALCULATIONS
SUMMARISING / AGGREGATING : Employee Performance Data may be Aggregated to Arrive at a Summary of Performance per Department
PERFORMING CALCULATIONS : Data on Total Hours Worked by an Employee may be Multiplied by the Hourly Wage Rates to Arrive at a Gross Wage
Provide Examples of the 2 Types of Data Processing - SELECTION
Total Yearly Turnover Data on Customers may be Used to Select High-Spending Customers for Special Treatment by Sales Personnel
What is an INFORMATION SYSTEM?
a Set of Interrelated Components that Collect (or Retrieve) Process, Store and Distribute Information to Support Decision Making and Control in an Organisation
- Involve : people, standards and procedures, data and information resources, ICTs
- Managers Need to Take Into Account the Interdependence Between the Organisation and its Information Systems
- System Performance Optimised when Technology and Organisation Adjust to Each Other for Satisfactory Systems
Explain Digital Technologies as a Strategic Factor
for a particular organisation :
- might Provide Opportunities for a Firm to Innovate and Gain a Competitive Advantage Over Others
- Existing ICT Infrastructure may Limit Ability to Quickly Respond to Changing Requirements or Opportunities
for an entire business domain :
- can change the way business or conducted or create entirely new types of ‘digital’ businesses (e.g. Google, Facebook)
What are 2 Ways Different Types of IS can be Distinguished
- the Level of (Managerial) Decision Making they Support
- the Functional Area they are Used in
State the 3 LEVELS Of MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING
- STRATEGIC
- TACTICAL
- OPERATIONAL
Explain the Level of Managerial Decision Making - STRATEGIC , 4
- Long Term Management group and company decisions
- Often Based on Unstructured Information, Condensed Information
- Analysis of ‘what-of’ Situations
- Wide Scope of Data
Explain the Level of Managerial Decision Making - TACTICAL , 3
- Medium Term Decisions
- Identifying Means of Implementing Group Decisions (how?)
- Project Management
Explain the Level of Managerial Decision Making - OPERATIONAL , 5
- Day-to-day Decisions
- Often uses Structured Information
- Immediate Results
- Narrow Scope of Data
- Highly Detailed
State and Explain 5 Characteristics of Information at Various Managerial Levels
- DATA SCOPE : Amount of Data from Which Information is Extracted
- TIME SPAN : how Long a Period the Data Covers
- LEVEL of DETAIL : Degree to Which Data is Specific
- SOURCE : Internal vs External Data
- DEGREE Of STRUCTURE : Structured v Unstructured Data
Explain what Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) is
- Systems that Keep Track of the Organisation’s Basic Operations and Produce Information for Performing them (purchasing, production, sales, invoicing..)
- Input : Transactions, Events
- Processing : Sorrting, listing, merging, updating
- Output : Detailed reports, lists, summarises
- Users : Operations personnel, supervisors
Explain Management Information Systems
- Serve Management Level ; provide reports and access to company data
- Input : Suummary transaction data, high-volume data, simple models
- Processing : Routine reports, simple models, low-level analysis
- Output : Summary and Exception Reports
- Users : Middle Managers
Explain what Decision Support Systems is
- Serve Management Level with Data Analysis for Making Decisions
- Input : Low-volume data or Massive Databases, analytic models, and data and analysis tools
- Processing : Interactive, Simulations, Analysis
- Output : Special Reports, Decision Analyses, Responses to Queries
- Users : Professional, Staff Managers
Explain what Executive Support Systems (ESS) are
- Provide Communications and Computing and Environment that Serves that Organisation’s Strategic Level
- Input : External and Internal Aggregate Data
- Processing : Graphics, Simulations, Interavtive
- Output : Projection, Responses to Queries
- Users : Senior Managers
Explain what Office Automation Systems (OAS) is
- Designed to Increased Worker Productivity in the Office
- Example : Word Processors, Voice mail, E-mail, Video-Conferencing
Explain what Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) is
- Specialised Systems that Enable Scientists, Engineers, Financial Analysts and other Knowledge Workers to Create and Discover New Knowledge (e.g. create New or Improve Existing Products)
- Example : Computer-aided design (CAD), Virtual Reality Systems, Investment Workstations
Explain what Enterprise Systems are
- Involve Use of ERP (enterprise resource planning) packages Within the Organisation
- these can be Further Extended to Support :
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) for Dealing with Customers
Supply Chain Management (SCM) for Dealing with Suppliers
Explain what Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems :
- Single Information System for Organisation - Wide Coordination and Integration of Many Business Processes
- “Off-the-shelf” modules Based on Best Practises
