Week 1: Intro Flashcards
an artistic piece philosophical, personal, imaginative, or inspirational nature that is laid out in lines
poetry
literary piece that is written without metrical structure
prose
simply defined as a product of one’s imaginative mind. It can be a drama, short story, novel, myth, folktale and poetry
fictional literature
opposite to fiction as it comes out of one’s personal experiences, a true and factual account of varying information. Itcomprises the interesting facts with analysis and illustrations. It includes autobiography, biography, essay, literary criticism, journal, newspaper, diary, magazine, etc
non-fictional literature
a composition written in verses having standard measurements and written with a higher intensity of artistic beauty
poem
Three types of poems
lyric
narrative
dramatic
short poems which express the personal thoughts or emotions of the poet
lyric poem
poem that tells a story
narrative poem
theatrical dialogue performed on stage
dramatic poetry
a small commercial fiction, true or imaginary, and smaller than a novel
short story
a literary composition that presents the author’s point of view about any particular topic in a detailed way
essay
a prose that has one unit of place, time and action. It is a “bite size” version of a novel
short story
the sequence of incidents or events through which an author constructs a story
plot
conflict between a character and an outside force, such as another character, nature, society, or fate
external conflict
conflict that takes place within the mind of a character who is torn between opposing feelings or between different courses of action
internal conflict
introduces the story’s characters, setting, and conflict
exposition
occurs as complications, twists, or intensifications of the conflict occur
rising action
logical result of the climax
falling action
present the final outcome of the story
resolution
verbal representation of a human being
character
TYPES OF CHARACTERS
has one or two predominant traits; does not change the course of the story
flat character
TYPES OF CHARACTERS
complex, many faceted and has the qualities of real people; simply interesting and LAYERED
round character
TYPES OF CHARACTERS
character that undergoes a significant change during the story
developing character (dynamic)
the quality of the character which is disclosed through actions, descriptions, both personal and environmental, dramatic statements and thoughts, statements by other characters and statements by the author speaking as storyteller, or observer
characterization
SETTING
where, when and in what circumstances the action occurs
setting in its overall context
SETTING
The physical environment where the story takes place. The description of the environment often points towards its importance
setting as place
SETTING
includes time in all of its dimensions. To determine the importance, ask, “What was going on at that time?”
setting as time
SETTING
Setting also involves the social circumstances of the time and place. Consider historical events and social and political issues of the time
setting as cultural context (condition)
SETTING
Creates atmosphere, gives insight to characters, and provides connections to other aspects of the story.
effects of setting
the central idea or message of a story, often a perception about life or human nature
theme
THEMES
____ are directly presented in a story
stated themes
THEMES
_____ must be inferred by considering all the elements of a story and asking what message about life is conveyed
implied themes
the method by which writers and speakers reveal attitudes or feelings
tone
the manner in which an author uses words, constructs sentences, incorporates non-literal expressions, and handles rhythm, timing, and tone
style
creates a direct, meaningful equation between a specific object, scene, character, or action and ideas, values, persons or ways of life
symbol
refers to the arrangement of words, their ordering, grouping and placement within phrases, clauses, and sentences
syntax
____ is the broadest category of literature
Nonfiction
KINDS OF NONFICTION
a writer tells his life in a first person point of view; focuses on the most significant events that happened to him or her
autobiography
KINDS OF NONFICTION
uses first person POV to relate events to his or her life; typically focuses on ONE PERIOD of a person’s life
memoir
KINDS OF NONFICTION
a writer uses third person point of view to write about the life of someone else’s
biography
KINDS OF NONFICTION
a writer may use either the first-or third-person point of view to relate a true story in a short composition
narrative essay
Two major types of informative nonfiction
- expository essays
2. persuasive essays
essays that explain a topic and explain the steps in a process, report the news, or analyze a work of literature
expository essays
essays that promote opinion; advice columns, movie reviews, and editorials
persuasive essays
_____ is the point of view of the author. It is how he expresses about his topic, either directly or indirectly.
perspective
____ is the author’s reason for writing. His purposes may be to inform, explain, persuade, honor, entertain and warn
purpose
according to Daisy Zamora, a Nicaraguan poet, poetry is a ____
“way of feeling life”
name the famous writers’ definitions of poetry
“Word music, the dance of language”
A.D. Hope
name the famous writers’ definitions of poetry
“Criticism of life”
Matthew Arnold
name the famous writers’ definitions of poetry
“The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”
William Wordsworth
name the famous writers’ definitions of poetry
“Poetry is the lava of the imagination”
Lord Byron
name the famous writers’ definitions of poetry
“Blood, imagination and intellect running together”
W.B. Yeats
Repetition of initial consonant sounds in words
aliteration
Use of words that sound like the objects or actions they describe
onomatopoeia
repetition of vowel sounds
assonance
repetition of consonant sounds anywhere in the lines
consonance
the repetition of the same stressed vowel sound and any succeeding sounds in two or more words
rhyme
a word or row of words that may or may not form a complete sentence
line
group of lines forming a unit
stanza
a four line stanza
quatrain
A poem in which the first letter of each line, when read vertically, spell out a word, which is usually the subject of the poem.
acrostic poem
Words are placed to make the shape of an object or ideas described
shape poem
A seven-lined diamond-shaped poem that specifies the part of speech in each line, sometimes with contrasting ideas
diamond poem
the use of description that helps the reader imagine how something looks, sounds, feels, smells, or taste. Most of the time, it refers to appearance
imagery
implied comparison
metaphor
Giving human qualities to an animal, object or abstract idea
personification
a huge exaggeration
hyperbole
where the thoughts of the characters are exhibited
dialogue
a narrative poem written in four-line stanza
ballad
a long stately form written in various stanzas
ode
a lyrics poem of 14 lines
sonnet
an unrhymed ten-syllable poem
blank verse
a poem with no regular pattern or meter or rhyme
free verse
a five-lined rhymed poem that makes fun
limerick
a poem expressing grief, of subjective, meditative nature
elegy
