Week 1 - intro 1 + 2

Question 1

What are the major aims of modern toxicology ?

Answer 1

1. Define toxicity , mechanisms of action
   and structure activity relationships for
   chemicals
2. Evaluation of health and environmental
   hazards and risks: risk assessment
3. Advisory task for authorities, industries
   and consumers

Question 2

What are the two categories of chemicals in foods ?

Answer 2

1. Avoidable chemicals

2. Unavoidable chemicals

Question 3

Name the avoidable chemicals seen in class (5)

Answer 3

• Additives
• Flavourings
• Veterinary medicines
• Pesticides
• Supplements

Question 4

Name the unavoidable chemicals seen in class (5)

Answer 4

• Contaminants: persistent organic pollutants
• Contaminants: metals
• Natural toxins: from plants
• Natural toxins: from animals
• Nanomaterials

Question 5

T or F : There is no concern for the E-numbers

Answer 5

false, they are approved but their status can change depending on new toxicological data. They are safe but concern may arise over time.

Question 6

T or F : flavourings are considered food additives

Answer 6

false

Question 7

What is the only food flavouring that has an E-number

Answer 7

sweetners

Question 8

T or F : food supplements are considered as foods and it is the manufacturer’s job to insure quality

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Name some persistant organic polluants seen in class

Answer 9

1. Organochlornie pesticides (DDT)
2. PCBs
3. Dioxins
4. Brominated flame retardants
5. Per and polyfluoroalkylated substances

Question 10

Name the heavy metals seen in class

Answer 10

1. Mercury
2. Lead
3. Cadmium
4. Arsenic

Question 11

___ and ___ are unavoidable contaminants of food that accumulate in food chains

Answer 11

POP and heavy metals

Question 12

What is the outcome of the risk assessment

Answer 12

The risk management

Question 13

The ____ is the

most fundamental and persuasive concept in toxicology

Answer 13

dose or concentration response relationship