Week 1 - International Respiratory Virus Surveillance Capacity Building

Question 1

What is Surveillance?

Answer 1

Ongoing, Systematic
- Collection
- Analysis
- Interpretation and
- Dissemination of data about
Health - events for
Public health action to
Reduce morbidity and mortality (and to improve health)

Question 2

Who did the lecture?

Answer 2

CAPT Eduardo Aziz-Baumgartner

Question 3

What is NOT surveillance?

Answer 3

• Outbreak Investigation
• Episodic Program Evaluation
• Research

Question 4

What is severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance?

Answer 4

Hospital based surveillance for severe respiratory illness

Question 6

What is influenza -like-illness (ILI) surveillance?

Answer 6

Surveillance of mild to moderate illness

Question 7

What is the case definition of Influenza-like-illness (ILI)?

Answer 7

Acute respiratory infection with measured fever of >= 38 degrees C and cough, with onset within last 10 days

Question 8

What is the difference between the upper and lower respiratory tract?

Answer 8

Upper: Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea
– infections common
– usually viral

Lower: bronchi, lungs, pleura
– infections DANGEROUS
– can be viral, bacterial, fungal

Question 9

What are the host defense mechanisms?

Answer 9

Physical barriers: nose hair, cilia, mucociliary response

Innate Immune System: primary defense, not antigen specific

Adaptive Immune System: humoral and cell-mediated components, highly specific to each particular pathogen the body has encountered

Question 10

• What is the most common cause of death by infection in the United States?

Answer 10

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs)

Question 11

*What is the most common illness in all individuals, regardless of age or gender?

Answer 11

Respiratory Infections

Question 12

*What are the economic consequences of benign URTIs?

Answer 12

Non-influenza URTI: 40+ billion USD
Influenza URTI: 40-50 billion/year