Week 1- Growth & Development Flashcards
What is the fastest growing age group?
Adult population: 85 years and older
What is growth?
Quantifiable changes in structure size. (Increase size and weight)
What body systems are influenced by sex during growth?
Muscular and skeletal system
What systems in the body are less affected by sex during growth?
Nervous and respiratory system
What influences growth?
Genetic factors
Prenatal and postnatal exposures
Nutrition
Environmental factors
Also:
Emotional health (temperament)
Traditional cultural practices
Family
What growth period has an extremely rapid growth pattern?
Childbearing period
Infancy
Adolescences
What growth period has the slowest growth pattern?
Toddler
Preschool
School age
By 6 months of age, infancy’s have usually doubled in what?
Weight
By age 1 infants have usually tripled what?
Weight
In early life what is the fastest growing section of the body?
Head
Followed by trunk, then arms/ legs
A newborns head accounts for how much of their entire length?
1/4
The most important indication of a child’s overall health and well being is what?
Growth
How should you assess growth data?
Serial measurements taken over a period of time plotted on a chart
When is a growth pattern a concern?
Slowed growth Plateaus Decrease in height/ weight Decrease in head circumference Rapid growth Rapid Increase height/ weight Rapid Increase in head circumference
What is development?
Change and expansion of ability and advancement in skills from a lower to a more advanced capability.
Is development qualitative or quantitative?
Qualitative
Is growth quantitative or qualitative?
Quantitative
What is cephalocaudal development?
Head to toe
Ex: infants can hold up their head/ neck before they can grab stuff in their hands
What is proximodistal development?
Midline to periphery (centre of body outwards)
Ex: central nervous system develops before peripheral nervous system
What is differentiation development?
Follows a pattern:
Simple to complex
General to specific
Ex:
Use whole hand grasp before being able to use finer control of the pincer grasp
They coo/ babble before they can speak
The sequence of development is predictable but the exact timing of the sequence depends on the individual?
True
Expectancy of a mastered skill/ milestone to be developed is done by what expectation?
Cultural expectations.
What are the stages of growth and development?
Prenatal (before birth) Neonatal (birth - 28 days) Infancy (1month - 1 year) Toddler (1-3 years) Preschool (4-6 years) School age (6- 12 years) Adolescences (13-19 years) Young adult (20-39 years) Middle adult (40-64 years) Young old adult (65-74 years) Middle old adult (75-84 years) Old old adult (85+)
What are Eriksons 8 stages of development?
- Infancy : trust vs. Mistrust
- Toddler : autonomy vs. Shame/doubt
- Preschool : initiative vs. Guilt
- School age : industry vs. Inferiority
- Adolescences : identity vs. Role confusion
- Young adulthood : intimacy vs. Isolation
- Middle adulthood : generativity vs. Stagnation
- Older adulthood : ego integrity vs. Despair
How does Eriksons theory work?
Need each person to develop a sense of trust in self and others and a sense of personal worth.
Each stage depends on the preceding stage which must be accomplish successfully for the person to move onto the next stage.
What type of development theory is Eriksons?
Psychosocial development
What type of development theory is piaget?
Cognitive
How does Piagets theory work?
Focuses on structure rather than content. How the mind works, rather than what it does.
Wha are the stages of piagets theory?
Sensorimotor: birth - 2years.
Preoperational: 2-7 years
Concrete operations: 7-11 years
Formal operations: 11-15 years
What type of development is kohlberg theory?
Moral thinking and judgement
What are the stages of Kohlbergs theory?
Preconventional : avoid punishment, get rewards
Conventional : avoid disapproval, get approval
Postconventional : achieve justice
What type of development theory is Gillian?
Moral
How Gillian theory works
Transition between stages based on changes in ones sense of self rather than cognitive development
How does kohlbergs theory work?
Focus on hypothetical moral dilemmas. It’s a cognitive development focusing on the ethics of rights and justice.
What are the stages in Gillian theory?
Preconventional : individual survival
Conventional : self sacrifice
Postconventional : nonviolence (don’t hurt self or others)
