Week 1 Goals of health psychology

Question 1

Health is a ___ concept

Answer 1

dynamic

Question 2

there is evidence that during the Stone Age (10000–2000 BC), ___were seen as a cause of ill health

Answer 2

‘evil spirits’

Question 3

predominating through Ancient Hebrew (100–300 BC) and early Christian (600 AD) belief systems____was responsible for healh

Answer 3

Religion.

Question 4

Greek physician Hippocrates (460–370 BC), believed that the mind and body were one, and that external____ could lead to humour imbalance, and in turn, ill health

Answer 4

pathogens

Question 5

who believed temperament produced by body humours
and influenced susceptibility to illness

Answer 5

Galen (129 – 199 AD)

Question 5

The Biomedical Model of Illness

Answer 5

• Founded in dualism (Descartes, 1596-1650) – mind and body as separate
• All illness arises from an abnormality in the body, referred to as disease
• All diseases give rise to symptoms
• Health is the absence of disease
• Mental disturbances are separate from and unrelated to bodily disturbances
• The patient has no responsibility for the disease
• The patient is a passive recipient of treatment

Question 5

the ‘father of pathology,’

Answer 5

Virchow

Question 6

biomedical science has produced ____, _____ and ____, which have led to substantive reductions in infectious illness (e.g. smallpox) in many societies

Answer 6

antibiotics, vaccines and countless pharmacotherapies

Question 7

the majority of the healthcare burden is now driven by chronic illness including____,____,____,____ and ___

Answer 7

cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer and mental health conditions

Question 8

In particular, ___,____,____,___ and ____ are critical and ubiquitous risk factors for chronic illness

Answer 8

smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet and physical inactivity

Question 9

n Australia, the contribution of s___to ____ risk must also be acknowledged

Answer 9

sun exposure , skin cancer

Question 10

Other behavioural factors, such as ____ and ___, are becoming increasingly recognised as risk factors for health

Answer 10

sleep loss and disruption of our daily rhythms

Question 11

The elevated risk of chronic illness with increasing ____ is also a prominent concern for health psychology

Answer 11

stress

Question 12

life expectancy has been estimated at 56 years in male and 63 years in female Indigenous Australians, compared to 76.6 years and 82.1 years or non-Indigenous males and females respectively. T or F

Answer 12

true

Question 13

The___acknowledges the
importance of biological, psychological and social factors
in health and illness

Answer 13

biopsychosocial model

Question 14

Even in the case where pain has an obvious physical cause, we know that the experience of pain can be influenced by ___ factors

Answer 14

psychosocial

Question 15

___ ___ puts individual behaviour in context through interactions with social, environmental and societal factors

Answer 15

ecological model

Question 16

Health psychology is informed by a spectrum of psychological perspectives, including the following: ___, ___, ___ and ___

Answer 16

evolutionary, cognitive, behaviourst, humanist

Question 17

What is essential for health psychologists in Australia to produce optimal outcomes for clients?

Answer 17

The ability to approach different situations from any or all of the different perspectives on the biopsychosocial model.

Question 18

What skills are expected of health psychologists in Australia according to the Australian Psychological Society?

Answer 18

Skills in areas of intervention, treatment, and research.

Question 19

A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness.

Answer 19

Biopsychosocial Model

Question 20

A workplace that involves professionals from various disciplines collaborating towards a common goal.

Answer 20

Multidisciplinary Workplace

Question 21

A professional organization representing psychologists in Australia, which includes various colleges focusing on different areas of psychology.

Answer 21

Australian Psychological Society (APS)

Question 22

What role do health psychologists play in hospitals?

Answer 22

Health psychologists work as critical players in multidisciplinary research teams, utilizing their skills to integrate different perspectives and research talents.

Question 23

Research design refers to the plan that outlines how to conduct research, including various methodologies such as longitudinal studies and experimental evaluations of interventions.

Answer 23

Research Design

Question 24

What skills do health psychologists contribute to research teams in hospitals?

Answer 24

Health psychologists contribute skills in research design, logistics, statistical analysis, report and manuscript writing, and grant and ethics application.

Question 25

Adherence to treatment refers to the extent to which patients follow prescribed health instructions, ranging from cognitive-behavioral therapy to medication regimens.

Answer 25

Adherence to Treatment

Question 26

How can health psychologists help improve hygiene practices in hospitals?

Answer 26

Health psychologists can improve hygiene practices by using research findings to implement educational interventions for staff, patients, and visitors to enhance adherence to best practices.

Question 27

What role does a health psychologist play in health coaching?

Answer 27

A health psychologist incorporates health coaching to help clients develop health-friendly behaviors to cope with conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.

Question 28

A process in which health psychologists help clients develop healthier behaviors and coping strategies for managing health conditions.

Answer 28

Health Coaching

Question 29

Why is timing significant in the intervention strategies of health psychologists?

Answer 29

Timing is crucial because health psychologists may be able to help clients change damaging behaviors after they have been diagnosed with a health condition, rather than before problems have become evident.

Question 30

The bonds that bring individuals together in a support network, which health psychologists can assist with during critical adjustment periods, such as chronic illness diagnosis and treatment.

Answer 30

Social Cohesion

Question 31

How can cultural and social factors influence a client’s ability to change health-related behaviors?

Answer 31

Cultural and social factors, such as family norms, peer influence, and community standards, can sustain unhealthy behaviors and limit a client’s options for making changes, despite their desire to do so.

Question 32

What do correlational designs in psychology research focus on?

Answer 32

Correlational designs focus on the relationships between variables.

Question 33

A research design where participants answer a survey at one point in time.

Answer 33

Cross-sectional design

Question 34

How can a longitudinal design be characterized?

Answer 34

A longitudinal design involves participants answering a survey multiple times, allowing researchers to link responses over time.

Question 35

A study that compares two or more pre-existing populations, such as smokers versus non-smokers, without a baseline measure.

Answer 35

Quasi-experimental study

Question 36

Why are animal models used in experimental studies?

Answer 36

Animal models are used due to ethical considerations in examining health outcomes related to exposures, allowing researchers to infer results for humans.

Question 37

What is epidemiology in the context of health psychology?

Answer 37

Epidemiology is the study of control and progression in health and disease, involving indices such as odds and risk ratios.