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Maternity > week 1-fetal development and maternal adaptation PP > Flashcards

week 1-fetal development and maternal adaptation PP Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of fetal development

A

preembryonic- fertilization through 2nd week
embryonic stage- ends of second week through the 8th week (basic structures of major body organs and main external features)
fetal stage- end of the 8th week

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2
Q

is abiotic fluid sterile

A

yes

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3
Q

what are the tests you can do to determine if it is urine or amniotic fluid

A

fern test and pH

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4
Q

what is a normal amount of amniotic fluid

A

700-1000mLs

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5
Q

what amount of amniotic fluid is considered oligohydramnios? polyhydramnios? what conditions are associated with each?

A

less than 300mL- renal problems
more than 2000mL- fetal congenital GI and other malformations

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6
Q

G

A

G

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7
Q

what are the functions of the amniotic fluid

A

Maintain body temperature for fetus
Source of oral fluid
Source for fetal body waste
Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
Freedom of movement for musculoskeletal development
Cushions the fetus from trauma by blunting and dispersing outside forces
Barrier to infection
Allows fetal lung development
Keeps embryo from tangling with the membranes
Facilitates symmetric growth
Provides fluid for analysis – Lung maturity
Acts as a wedge of pushing pressure during labor

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8
Q

what color amniotic fluid indicates stress from the fetus?

A

yellow, green, brown, bloody, or black. usually the darker the color the more stressed the fetus is. yellow or green can suggest the passage of meconium within the amniotic sac.

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9
Q

what is the first sign of infection

A

fetal heart rate goes up then the mom spikes a fever.

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10
Q

hat is infection of the amniotic fluid

A

chorioanionitis

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11
Q

what is the umbilical cord comprised of

A

two arteries and a vein and whartons jelly

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12
Q

what does whartons jelly do

A

keeps the cord intact and prevents compression.

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13
Q

what issues may arise if there is only one artery and one vein

A

malformations of the CV, GI, and renal systems

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14
Q

what hormones are produced by the placenta

A

hCG
human placental lactose or human chorionic somatomamotropin
estrogen
progesterone
relaxin

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15
Q

what hormones are produced by the placenta

A

hCG
human placental lactose or human chorionic somatomamotropin
estrogen
progesterone
relaxinwhat is h

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16
Q

what does hCG do

A

the hormone to test for pregnancy

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17
Q

what does hPL do

A

causes insulin sensitivity so it doesn’t work as effectively

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18
Q

what three hormones are vital in having a good pregnancy

A

estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin

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19
Q

what does relaxin do

A

helps to relax the joints as the baby comes down

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20
Q

what Isi the first organ system to function and when does it happen

A

CV, end of 3rd week tubular heart begins to beat, by the 4-5th week the heart develops into a four chambered organ

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21
Q

what are the three adaptations in fetal circulation to bypass the lungs while in utero

A

Ductus venosus – branch at the liver
Ductus arteriosus – bypass the lungs
Formale ovale – between the right and left atrium

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22
Q

T/F it is common for a baby to have a heart murmur within the first 24 hours of life

A

T

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23
Q

what in the baby can you use to test for drugs?

A

the meconium and the umbilical cord

24
Q

when is glycogen stored in the liver

A

starting at week 9-10

25
Q

what are the glycogen stores like of a fetus compared to that of an adult

A

twice as much, they are a major source of energy

26
Q

what vitamin do babies usually get right away and why

A

vitamin K for coagulation factors and to get the gut moving

27
Q

when does the respiratory system develop

A

begins in week 4 and continues through week 17

28
Q

what may be a problem for a baby boom before 32 weeks

A

not enough surfactant for the lungs

29
Q

how ling does it usually take for the fluid to be reabsorbed in the lungs after delivery

A

2 hours

30
Q

by what weeks can the fetus move all extremities and change positions. when can the mother feel them? what is this called?

A

11-12
16-20
quickening

31
Q

when is the thyroid gland developed

A

3-4 weeks

32
Q

what can be a result of hypothyroidism in the womb

A

mental retardation

33
Q

when is insulin produced

A

week 20

34
Q

what causes fetal hyperglycemia. what other problems can this cause?

A

maternal uncontrolled diabetes, macrosomia, block lung maturity

35
Q

when are male and female genitalia fully and clearly recognizable

A

week 12

36
Q

when are bones and muscles developed

A

week 4

37
Q

the anterior fontanelle is ___ shaped

A

diamond

38
Q

define presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy and provide examples of each

A

presumptive- those changes felt by the mother. N/V, breast tenderness, no period
probable- those observed by an examiner. Looking at the cervix, feeling the uterus, and pregnancy test
positive- fetal heartbeat, fetal movements palpated

39
Q

what is Chadwick sign

A

the cervix turns bluish purple from increased vascularization

40
Q

what happens to moms blood volume during pregnancy

A

it goes up 50%

41
Q

when is the fundal height at umbilicus

A

20 weeks=20cm

42
Q

when do you assess for uterine growth

A

at every prenatal visit

43
Q

what adaptations happen to the cervix during pregnancy

A

softens, mucous plug formation, increased vascularization

44
Q

what adaptations happen to the vagina during pregnancy

A

increased vascularity with thickening, lengthening, secretions are more acidic, white, and thick, perineal size lengthens

45
Q

what adaptations happen to the breasts during pregnancy

A

increase in size, areola darkens and enlarges, Montgomery tubercles ore prominent to help them latch, secrete colostrum before birth

46
Q

GI system adaptations

A

Gums: swollen, and friable
Ptyalism – excess saliva
Dental problems; gingivitis
Decreased peristalsis and smooth muscle relaxation - heartburn
Constipation + increased venous pressure + pressure from uterus = hemorrhoids
Nausea and vomiting

47
Q

CVS adaptations

A

Increase in blood volume (40-50% above prepregnant levels)
Increase in cardiac output; increased venous return; increased heart rate
Increase in number of RBCs; plasma volume > RBC leading to hemodilution (physiologic anemia)
Increase in iron demands, fibrin & plasma fibrinogen levels, and some clotting factors, leading to hypercoagulable state

48
Q

T/F there is an increase in oxygen consumption during pregnancy

A

T

49
Q

RENAL/URINARY SYSTEM ADPATATIONS

A

dilation of pelvis, increase in length nd weight of kidneys, increase in GFR, increased urine flow and volume, increase in kidney activity

50
Q

there is a __ in hair growth and __ in nail growth during pregnancy

A

decrease, increase

51
Q

what happens to the thyroid gland during pregnancy

A

slight enlargement, increased activity

52
Q

what happens to the pituitary gland in pregnancy

A

enlargement, decrease in TSH, inhibition of FSH and LH, increase in prolactin, and gradual increase in oxytocin

53
Q

what happens to the pancreas in pregnancy

A

insulin resistance due to hPL and other hormones in the second half of pregnancy

54
Q

what are dietary recommendations for those whoa re pregnant

A

increase protein, folate, iron, and calories by 300kcal. no raw fish, meat, or alcohol.

55
Q

what is a healthy maternal weight gain for those with healthy BMI

A

25-35 ponds through out and 3.5-5 within the first trimester with an additional 1lb every week thereafter

Maternity (11 decks)

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