Week 1 Facts: Erikson's, Kohlberg, Piaget's Flashcards
Erikson’s Stage of Psychosocial Development: Infancy
birth to 18 months
- Trust vs. Mistrust = Feeding
(Birth to 18 months) - Oral Sensory Stage, major emphasis on mother’s positive and loving care for the child. My mother must have done a great job because I still only trust the people that feed me.
Erikson’s Stage of Psychosocial Development: Early Childhood
(18 months to 3 years)
- Autonomy vs. Shame = Toilet Training
(18 months to 3 years) - Trying to built self esteem and autonomy as we gain more control over our bodies, especially in toilet training (what’s more shameful than peeing in your pants?). Therefore, we use the word “NO!”
Erikson’s Stage of Psychosocial Development: Preschool
3 years to 5 years
- Initiative vs. Guilt = Exploration
(3-5 years) - Copycats, try to copy adults and have social role identifications (playing house yo, I’m obviously the dad. You can be the pet, which means you’re not allowed to talk) Also, I’m pretty curious and my main word changes from NO! to WHY!?. Curiosity killed the (copy)cat.
Erikson’s Stage of Psychosocial Development: School Age
5 years to 12 years
- Industry vs. inferiority = School
(5-12 years) - Once I started school, it was all about learning, creating, accomplishing, developing a sense of industry. When school gets involved, it was always involved with comparisons, sometimes making me feel inferior.
Erikson’s Stage of Psychosocial Development: Adolescence
12 - 18 years
- Identity vs. Role Confusion = Social Relationships
(12-18 years) - Yeah I’m still in school but this is probably the most awkward stage of my life because I’m trying to find out what my identity is. Pretty Emo during this time while I’m finding out who I really am.
Erikson’s Stage of Psychosocial Development: Young Adulthood
(18 - 35 years)
Intimacy vs. Isolation = Relationships
(18-35 years) - Uh, I’m 18 to 35, is there anything more important than LOVE? I’m just looking for intimacy and if I don’t find it, I just feel isolated (luckily I always have Jesus. But still. Jesus. It’s a battle yo.) My parents keep telling me to get married, I’m only 35. They need to relax.
Erikson’s Stage of Psychosocial Development: Middle Adulthood
(35-65 years)
Generativity vs. Self Absorption or Stagnation = Work/Parenthood
(35-65 years) - Probably married by 35, meaning that Love isn’t that important anymore. Now that I’ve fulfilled my inner desires, I’m looking for more purpose and meaning in my life. I want to contribute to society! Or else I’ll stagnate.
Erikson’s Stage of Psychosocial Development: Maturity
65 to death
Integrity vs. Despair = Reflection on life
(65 to death) - So I was 35 when I started thinking of contributing to society, did I? If I did, I’ll probably feel like I had a full life with integrity. If not, I’ll just fall into despair.
Kohlberg Theory of Moral Development
Level 1: Pre-conventional Morality
- Best characterized by self-interest
Stage 1: Obedience + Punishment = Rules are fixed and absolute to avoid punishment
Stage 2: Individualism + Exchange = Moral development but only if it serves one’s own interests.
Kohlberg Theory of Moral Development
Level 2: Conventional Morality
- Driven by societal expectations, looks to others to determine acceptable behavior.
Stage 3: Interpersonal Relationships = Emphasis on conformity, being nice and considerate. “Good boy/girl”
Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order = Focuses on maintaining law and order by following the rules, considers society as a whole.
Kohlberg Theory of Moral Development
Level 3: Post-conventional Morality
- People make an effort to defining their own moral values/principles outside of the law
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights = People consider the law but incorporate own personal values/opinions. Only a factor rather than starting point for decision making.
Stage 6: Universal Principles = People follow internalized principles of justice, even if it conflicts with rules and laws.
Kohlberg Theory of Moral Development: Criticisms
1) Moral reasoning doesn’t always lead to moral behavior
2) Justice isn’t the only aspect of moral reasoning, there is also compassion, caring, etc.
3) Overemphasize Individualistic Western Philosophy
Piaget’s Cognitive Stages:
Birth to about age 2
Sensorimotor
- Child learns about himself and environment through motor and reflex actions, thoughts derived from sensation and movement.
- Teaching should be geared towards sensorimotor system.
Piaget’s Cognitive Stages:
Starts talking to 7
Preoperational
- Symbols to represent objects + personifies them. Influenced by imagination and fantasy.
- Teaching must take into account the child’s vivid fantasies.
Piaget’s Cognitive Stages:
1st grade, 6 or 7, to about 11 years old
Concrete
- Develops ability to think abstractly and make rational judgements.
- Teaching by giving opportunity to ask questions and explain things back to the educator.
