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CVS Block > Week 1 - ECG > Flashcards

Week 1 - ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What is the P wave?

A

atrial depolarisation

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2
Q

what is the QRS complex?

A

ventricular depolarisation

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3
Q

What is the T wave?

A

ventricular repolarisation

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4
Q

What does the ECG give us info about?

A

hearts rhythm and conducting system of the heart

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5
Q

What are standard limb leads and what do they tell us?

A

tell us info about events of heart - direction and prescence of depolarisation/repolarisation

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6
Q

What are the 3 limb leads?

A

(I) is left arm relative to right arm
(II) is left leg relative to right arm
(III) is left leg relative to left arm

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7
Q

How many leads are there on an ECG and what are they?

A

3 limb leads (I, II and III), 3 augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL and aVF) and 6 chest leads (V1-V6)

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8
Q

What are waves of depolarisation shown as on an ECG?

A

depolarisation towards the electrode sticker causes an up-going blip on ECG.
depolarisation away from a sticker causes a down-going blip
repolarisation is the opposite - away is up-going blip and towards is down-going blip

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9
Q

What is the PR interval?

A

start of P to start of QRS. 0.12-0.2s

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10
Q

What is the QRS complex and its duration?

A

time taken for entire ventricle to depolarise. 0.08s

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11
Q

What is the QT interval?

A

start os QRS to end of T. changes depending on BPM. its 0.42s at 60BPM.

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12
Q

What is the significance of standard limb lead II?

A

its axis is most similar to that of the direction of depolarisation in the heart, so it has the largest R wave. this is also the rhythm strip

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13
Q

Why is the p wave upward going?

A

depolarisation is towards leg

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14
Q

Why is the q wave downward going in II?

A

depolarisation is from middle to outside of heart - opposite direction to leg

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15
Q

Why is the R wave upward going in II?

A

bundle of his moved depolarisation down the heart, in direction of leg

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16
Q

Why is the S wave downward going?

A

final direction of contraction is from base up towards intraventricular septum

17
Q

Why is the T wave upward going?

A

repolarisation of the ventricle is moving away from the leg, from bottom upwards. upward going blip

18
Q

Whats the significance of augmented limb leads?

A

shows 1 limb lead with respect to the other 2 combined. aVF is left foot relative to the midline between right and left arm leads

19
Q

What are the precocial chest leads and what do they tell us?

A

gives info about spread of depolarisation on a horizontal plane rather than a frontal plane. V1-V6. V6 is upward going because depolarisation from heart moves that way. V1 is downward going because depolarisation goes in opposite direction

20
Q

What is a STEMI?

A

ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. if ST segment is elevated, there is a myocardial infarction.

21
Q

What is 1st degree heart block?

A

PR interval increased, so longer than 0.2s. SA to AV node delay. conduction still occurs

22
Q

What is 2nd degree heart block?

A

PR interval gradually increases and then fails and QRS doesn’t occur. ventricle occasionally doesn’t contract

23
Q

What is 3rd degree heart block?

A

no AV conduction. QRS still occurs as pacemakers in ventricle take over and cause contraction. atria and ventricles contract independently

24
Q

What is an atrial flutter?

A

atria depolarises a lot faster than it should - 6/7 P waves and then a QRS complex. causes supraventricular tachycardia

25
Q

What is atrial fibrillation?

A

pacemaker fails to spread depolarisation around atria so it contracts uncoordinatedly, all at different times. no clear P wave and QRS happens randomly

26
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation?

A

most serious. uncoordinated contraction of ventricles, heart not pumping blood to brain so unconscious quickly.

27
Q

Why do you use a defibrillator?

A

it depolarises all cells at the same time to give SA node opportunity to restart sinus rhythm. necassary when in fibrillation.

CVS Block (37 decks)

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