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psyc 102 > week 1 - continued > Flashcards

week 1 - continued Flashcards

1
Q

frontal lobe

A

motor control

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2
Q

occipital lobe

A

processes visual information

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3
Q

temporal lobe

A

codes auditory and olfactory information

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4
Q

parietal lobe

A

codes somatosensory info

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5
Q

incela

A

codes taste info

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6
Q

cerebellum

A
  • “little brain”
  • filled with lobules
  • contains biggest neurons
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7
Q

lobules

A

little lobes visible when the cerebellum is cut in half

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8
Q

neural net hypothesis (rectangular theory)

A

nervous system is a continuous mass of tissue

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9
Q

cell hypothesis theory

A

neurons are individual cells

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10
Q

neuron doctrine

A

neurons are cells that form the basic unit of the neverous system

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11
Q

What are the two main types of cells within the brain?

A

neurons and neuroglia

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12
Q

nucleus

A

holds DNA

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13
Q

mitochondria

A

produces ATP

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14
Q

golgi apparatus

A

transports lipids and proteins

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15
Q

smooth ER

A

produces lipids

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16
Q

rough ER

A

produces proteins

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17
Q

lysosomes

A

digest by using enzymes

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18
Q

cell membrane

A
  • phospholipid bilayer
  • keeps certain things in an out
  • contains transmembrane proteins
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19
Q

What is the phospholipid bilayer made of?

A

hydrophillic head and hydrophobic tail

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20
Q

What are ion channels made of?

A

group of transmembrane proteins

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21
Q

What is the function of neurons

A

process, transfer, and store information

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22
Q

What is the function of neurglia?

A

support, regulate, and protect neurons

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23
Q

How do you identify a neuron in comparison to other cells?

A
  • looks “busier” in the cell body
  • consists of a lot of organelles
24
Q

What are the different parts of a neuron?

A
  • soma
  • dendrites
  • axon
25
Q

soma (cell body)

A
  • contains organelles
  • stores and processes info
  • protein production
26
Q

dendrites

A
  • receive information from other neurons
  • stimulated by environmental changes or the activities of other cells
  • contains spines
27
Q

axon

A

carries information away from the neuron

28
Q

What are the parts of an axon?

A
  • afferent axon
  • efferent axon
  • interneuron
29
Q

afferent axon

A

receives sensory neurons and takes it into CNS (admission)

30
Q

efferent axon

A
  • responsible for behavioral response
  • motor neurons
  • “exit”
31
Q

interneuron

A
  • space between afferent axon and efferent axon
  • located in CNS
  • receives sensory information and sends it to motor neurons
32
Q

synaptic terminal

A
  • transfer information between neurons
  • full of mitochondria and synaptic vessels
  • usually connects with another dendrite
33
Q

synaptic vessels

A

spaces filled with neurotransmitters that are sent out as signals

34
Q

What are the different classifications of neurons based on form?

A
  • anaxomic neuron
  • multipolar neuron
  • bipolar neuron
  • unipolar neuron
35
Q

anaxomic neuron

A
  • no anatomical clues to determine axons from dendrites
  • functions unknown
  • likely to be an interneuron; found in CNS
36
Q

multipolar nueron

A
  • most common type
  • multiple dendrites and a single axon
37
Q

bipolar neuron

A
  • two processes coming off cell body (one dendrite and one axon)
  • only found in ear, eye, and nose
38
Q

unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron

A
  • single process coming off cell body, giving rise to dendrites (at one end) and axon (making up rest of process)
  • not actually one process
39
Q

What are the different classifications of neurons based on type of information and the direction of transmission?

A
  • sensory neurons
  • motor neurons
  • association neurons
40
Q

sensory (afferent) neurons

A
  • transmit sensory information from receptors of PNS and towards the CNS
  • most are unipolar, some are bipolar
41
Q

motor (efferent) neurons

A
  • transmit motor information from the CNS to effectors in periphery of body
  • all are multipolar
42
Q

association neurons (interneurons)

A
  • transmit information between neurons within the CNS
  • analyze inputs and coordinates outputs
  • most common type of neuron
  • all are multipolar
43
Q

What occurs when motor neurons die?

A

You will be unable to move, however, you are still able to receive sensory information and bring it to interneurons in CNS. aka motor neuron disease

44
Q

neuroglia

A

other cellular component of nervous system

45
Q

What are the types of neuroglia?

A
  • astrocytes
  • radial glia
  • microglia
  • oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann cells
  • satellite cells
46
Q

astrocytes

A
  • wrap synaptic terminals to aid in facilitating information and synchronicity
  • scaffolding
  • increase in number after brain injury
47
Q

scaffolding

A

mechanical and metabolic support

48
Q

radial glia

A
  • astrocyte subtype
  • during fetal development, they extend long processes to use as scaffolding (ladder) to get a neuron from one location to another
49
Q

microglia

A
  • phagocytosis (eat dead debris)
  • increase in number after brain injury or toxic insult
50
Q

What neuroglia mainly makes up nervous tissue?

A

Microglia makes up 5-20% of all glia

51
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

surround axon and build myelin in CNS

52
Q

myelin

A

surround sheet that allows electrical signals to move faster

53
Q

Schwann cells

A

surround all axons of motor neuron in PNS creating a neurilemma around them

54
Q

neurilemma

A
  • allows for potential regeneration of damaged axons
  • creates myeline sheath around most axons of PNS
55
Q

satellite cells

A

support groups of cell bodies of neurons within ganglia of PNS

psyc 102 (21 decks)

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