Week 1 Content Flashcards
Cultural blindness:
persons tendency to think everyone is basically the same and should be treated the same way
Cultural imposition:
person’s tendency to impose their own beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior on individuals from another culture
Cultural conflict:
perceived threat that occurs when different cultural values and beliefs clash
Cultural shock:
feelings of helplessness, discomfort, and disorientation experienced when faced with a culture that has different beliefs and values
Discrimination:
an action or behavior which favors some people or groups and disadvantages others
Disenfranchisement:
feel separated / invisible from mainstream society
Human capital:
all the strengths, knowledge, and skills that enable a person to live a productive and happy life
Ethnocentrism:
the belief that one’s own group identification is the most important or is superior to those of other groups.
Judging other groups in relation to our own culture, especially with regards to language, appearance, behavior, and customs
Institutional privilege:
a privilege given to a certain group based on their group membership
Oppression:
the state of being subjected to unjust treatment or control
Prejudice:
a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
Racial identity:
a group or people identified as distinct from other groups because of supposed physical or genetic traits shared by the group
Racism:
prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s own race is superior
Resilience:
ability to resist the effects of vulnerability adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or even significant sources of stress (such as family and relationship problems, serious health problems, or workplace and financial stressors)
Stereotyping:
a widely held by fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing
What is the goal of public health?
Promote health and prevent disease within populations
What is the focus of public health?
Populations, communities, or subpopulations
What are the 10 great public health achievements of the 20th century?
- Safer, healthier foods
- Vaccines
- Fluoride in the water
- Healthier mother and babies
- Family planning
- Reduction in CVD and stroke
- Safer and healthier workplaces
- MV safety
- Control of infectious disease
- Tobacco as a health hazard
What distinguishes public health nursing from other areas of nursing?
Focus is on health of populations and the goal is to promote health and prevent disease
What is considered downstream in upstream thinking?
Patient care, clinical care, and medication interventions
What is midstream in upstream thinking?
Individual interventions
What is upstream in upstream thinking?
Interventions and actions that impact the community level, focuses on modifying economic, political, and environmental factors to improve health outcomes downstream
What are the 5 domains of the social determinants of health
S = social and community context
H = health and health care
E = education
E = economic
N = neighborhood and built enviornment
What is primary prevention?
Prevention of problems before they occur
What is secondary prevention?
Detects and treats problems in their earlier stages
What is tertiary prevention?
Limits further negative effects from existing problems, this is typically in the hospital when patient is sick
What are the 3 core functions of public health?
- Assessment
- Policy development
- Assurance
What core function is the following essential service under: monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems
assessment
What core function is the following essential service under: diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
assessment
What core function is the following essential service under: inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
policy development
What core function is the following essential service under: mobilize community partnership to identify and solve health problems
policy development
What core function is the following essential service under: develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
policy development
What core function is the following essential service under: enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
assurance
What core function is the following essential service under: link people with needed people health services and assure the provision of healthcare when otherwise unavailable
assurance
What core function is the following essential service under: assume competent public and personal healthcare workforce
assurance
What core function is the following essential service under: evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population based health services
assurance
What core function is the following essential service under: research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
assurance
what interventions are included in the red section of the PHN intervention wheel?
surveillance
disease and other health event investigations
outreach
screening
what interventions are included in the green section of the PHN intervention wheel?
referral and follow up
case management
delegated functions
what interventions are included in the blue section of the PHN intervention wheel?
health teaching
counseling
consultation
what interventions are included in the orange section of the PHN intervention wheel?
collaboration
coalition building
community organizing
what interventions are included in the yellow section of the PHN intervention wheel?
advocacy
social marketing
policy development
policy enforcement
health disparity:
a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and / or environmental disadvantage
health inequities:
health differences that are avoidable, unnecessary, unfair, and unjust
inequality:
unequal access to opportunities
equality:
evenly distributed tools and assistance
equity:
custom tools that identify and address inequality
justice:
fixing the system to offer equal access to both tools and opportunities
discrimination:
Treatment based on class or category rather than individual merit
prejudice:
A preconceived preference or idea about certain groups
bias:
An unfair act or policy stemming from prejudice
implicit bias:
Attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, decisions in an unconscious manner
what are the facts about implicit bias we need to know?
-Are pervasive
-Implicit and explicit biases are related but distinct mental constructs
-Do not necessarily align with our declared beliefs
-Generally tend to hold implicit biases that favor our own ingroup
-Are malleable
System 1 thinking:
fast, automatic
susceptible to environmental influences
System 2 thinking:
slow, reflective
considers goals and intentions
what is a community?
A group of individuals who share something in common, or are linked by social ties
utilitarianism:
doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people
distributive justice:
treating people fairly and distributing resources and burdens equitably among members of a society
primary data:
information collected by you the investigator
secondary data:
information from another source
what is included with a community nursing diagnosis:
risk of…
among…
related to…
as evidenced by…
what is formative evaluation
evaluation at each stage of intervention implementation
what is summative evaluation
evaluation at the end of the intervention
3 main things Public health core function #1 assessment does?
monitor, diagnose, investigate.
What 5 things does public health core function #2 policy development do?
- inform a/b health
- educate a/b health
- empower a/b health
- mobilize (partnerships)
- develop policies (to support individuals and communities)
- develop plans (to support individuals and communities)
What 5 things does public health core function #3 assurance do?
- Enforce laws & regulations (health/safety)
- Link people to services
- Ensure competent workforce
- Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, & quality
- Research for future
PH Nursing intervention wheel has ____ number of actions and ____ number of assumptions?
(Red, green, blue, orange, yellow)
Actions: 17
Assumptions: 10
The PH Nursing Intervention Wheel interventions are implemented at 1 of 3 levels. What are the 3 levels?
- Individual/small groups/fam.
- Communities as a whole
- Systems that impact the health of communities
Health inequity is reflected in 5 differences in:
- Length of life
- Quality of life
- Rates of disease, disability, & death
- Severity of disease
- Access to tx
Health equity is achieved when?
Every person can attain their full health potential & no one is disadvantaged b/c of social position or socially determined circumstances
The public health nursing process is (ADPIE) what does that stand for?
Assessment (recognize cues)
Diagnosis (analyze and prioritize hypoth.)
Planning (generate solutions)
Implementation (take action)
Eval (eval outcomes)
Blooms taxonomy pyramid (bottom to top)
(Bottom of triangle) knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation (top of triangle)
Health planning model: in the summative evaluation, what is the difference in outcome eval vs. impact eval?
Outcome eval: examines immediate outcomes, & direction affect immediate post program
Impact eval: examines long term outcome conditions/behaviors
Health planning model: evaluation includes (7 things)
- Relevance
- Adequacy (addresses entire prob)
- Progress
- Efficiency $ (benefit vs. cost)
- Effectiveness (results)
- Impacts (long term results)
- Sustainability (is the program able to continue)
