week 1 college

Question 1

in which three components do the theories of emotions allign?

Answer 1

1. phenomenal experience
2. physiological pattern
3. verbal + non verbal expression

Question 2

what are the six basic emotional expressions according to Akman?

Answer 2

1. Fear
2. anger
3. joy
4. sadness
5. digust
6. surprise

emotions are categories.

Question 3

Akman’s study regarding universal emotional expressions has some critique. What was Russell’s opinion?

Answer 3

emotions are no categories but dimensions.

Question 4

what is meant by in-group advantage in the context of emotion expression

Answer 4

people are better at recognizing emotional expressions of their in-group/culture.

Question 5

in the experiment with the subject: Watch stressful film alone versus with someone else.

• japanese hide/showed their negative emotions.
• japanese are more/less likely to display surprise than americans.

Answer 5

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more

Question 6

according to the study’s:
1. japanese made more/less statements about contextual information and relationships than americans
2. americans tend to ignore/exaggerate contextual information when making judgments
3. surrounding people’s emotions influenced the americans but not the japanese perception of the central person OR japanese not american

Answer 6

1. more
2. ignore
3. Japanese not Americans

Question 7

match the reason of existence of emotions to the right researcher
1. adaptive functions, universal
2. bodily responses
3. quick decisions
4. based on appraisal
5. social constructs

a. james
b. arnold
c. darwin
d. averill
e damasio, le doux

Answer 7

1. c
2. a
3. e
4. b
5. d

Question 8

the Darwinian principle of emotions is based on three principles:
1. principle of serviceable associated habits
2. principle of antithesis
3. principle of expressive habits through the nervous system (outdated)

describe the first one, give an example

Answer 8

emotion has a purpose during evoluting (but not anymore neccesarily)

humans give de same facial expression when they eat something distastefull (functional) and when they see a politician on the tv saying something distastefull (non functional)

Question 9

the Darwinian principle of emotions is based on three principles:
1. principle of serviceable associated habits
2. principle of antithesis
3. principle of expressive habits through the nervous system (outdated)

describe the second one

Answer 9

most emotions have a counterpart. emotional expressions have opposites.

eg in humans: the antithesis of anger is surprise. Why?

anger–> you don’t get what you expected
opposite: you get what you didn’t expect

Question 10

describe James & lange theory on emotions

Answer 10

interpretations of sensations cause emotions. Response is before emotional experience.

Question 11

although the james & lange theory is a part of and not the whole truth. what evidence is there to support the significance of the theory?

Answer 11

change in body alters your emotions:

experiment: two groups. one was allowed to show there emotions the other one had to conceal there emotions.

result: de expressed group showed strong skin conductance and subjective pain.

conclusion: direct link between body and altering perception of emotion.

Question 12

cognitive inhibition can also weaken your emotions. How dit they show this through an experiment?

Answer 12

they found a relationship between intensity of brow lowering and amygdala activity

conclusion: more expression leads to more amygdala activity (emotion)

Question 13

describes Schachter’s two-factor theory of emotion.

Answer 13

combines James & Lange and darwin.

both context and expectations can alter emotions/feelings

Question 14

Russell suggests to not catagorize emotions, but use dimensions.
* How did he study this?
* which dimensions did he came up with?

Answer 14

• rate for similarity along participants.
• see picture for the scales

Question 15

describe the idea behind the conceptual act model

Answer 15

Emoties worden in dit model gezien als ‘conceptual acts’. Dit betekent dat een emotie een combinatie is van verschillende componenten (zoals lichamelijke sensaties, expressies, en gedragingen) die samen worden gebracht door het concept dat we van die emotie hebben. Bijvoorbeeld, het concept ‘woede’ kan verschillende vormen aannemen afhankelijk van de situatie, culturele achtergrond en persoonlijke ervaringen.

emotions are learned and NOT inherited.

Question 16

describe the psychological construction approach

Answer 16

for example ingredients like: flour, water and yeast can combinte to make diverse foods that look and taste very different from on another.

emotions are constructed in much the same way from basic mental ingredients.

Question 17

in different theories regarding emotion dimensions. Which four dimensions are mentioned in the lecture?

Answer 17