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MCM: Cardio > Week 1 cardiac drugs > Flashcards

Week 1 cardiac drugs Flashcards

1
Q

statins inhibit

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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2
Q

statins cause

A
  • modest HDL raising

- lowers LDL

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3
Q

statin tests

A
  • need to test liver function (ALT and AST)
  • test at the beginning
  • test 2-3 months in
  • test annually
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4
Q

cholesterol absorption inhibitors name

A

ezetimibe

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5
Q

what does cholesterol absorption inhibitors do

A

they block the absorption of cholesterol from diet

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6
Q

what happens when you take a cholesterol absorption inhibitor

A
  • lowers cholesterol
  • reduction in LDL
  • no effect on TG or HDL
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7
Q

how do bile acid sequestrates (Resins) work

A

bind bile acids in the intestines and promote their excretion instead of re absorption in the ileum

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8
Q

what do resins do?

A
  • reduce LDL

- can cause TG increase

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9
Q

resins side effects

A

-gastrointestinal tract bloating and constipation

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10
Q

how do LDL apheresis work

A

patients plasma is passed over a column that selectively removes the LDL

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11
Q

aspirin does

A
  1. decrease fever
  2. decrease pain
  3. blood thinner
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12
Q

how does aspirin work?

A

it blocks COX 1 and COX 2 irreversible which means prostaglandins, prostacyclins (fever nad pain) and thomboxane (pro-coagulant) will not be active

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13
Q

heparin does…

A
  1. blood thinner

- treats heart attacks, unstable angina, DVT

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14
Q

how does heparin work?

A

thrombin inhibition by inactivating CF 10 and 9

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15
Q

warfarin (coumadin) does…

A
  1. blood thinner

- dosing is tricky, not as often used to treat MI

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16
Q

how does warfarin work…

A

works by inhibiting vitmain K production and therefore inhibits vitamin K dependent CF

  1. CF 2, 7, 9, 10
  2. proteins C, S and –> can cause coagulation still
17
Q

clopidogrel (plavix) does…

A

decreases platelet plug formation

18
Q

how does clopidogrel (plavix) work?

A

works by inhibiting the ADP receptors on platelets that are important for platelet aggregation

19
Q

confirmation bias definition

A

the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories.

20
Q

cognitive heuristics definition

A

are simple, efficient rules, hard-coded by evolutionary processes or learned, which have been proposed to explain how people make decisions, come to judgments, and solve problems, typically when facing complex problems or incomplete information. These rules work well under most circumstances, but in certain cases lead to systematic errors or cognitive biases

21
Q

cognitive bias definition

A

A cognitive bias refers to the systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other people and situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion

22
Q

prejudice vs discrimination

A

A prejudiced person may not act on their attitude. Therefore, someone can be prejudiced towards a certain group but not discriminate against them. Also, prejudice includes all three components of an attitude (affective, behavioral and cognitive), whereas discrimination just involves behavior.
–> sexist CEO vs not giving someone the job

23
Q

heuristics

A

how people make decisions or solve problems
-availability heuristics: using information that you have collected from your experiences (shark attack vs fireworks)
-representative: using a prototype to predict what someone is like (feminist Linda)
-

24
Q

consequences of obesity

A
  1. metabolic syndrome
  2. type II diabetes
  3. proinflammatory state
25
Q

proinflammatory state

A
  1. CAD
  2. hypertension
  3. insulin resistance
  4. cancer
  5. degenerative joint disease
26
Q

stimulants of catabolisis

A
  1. leptin (fat cells)

2. pyy (intestines)

27
Q

stimulants of anabolism

A
  1. ghrelin (stomach)
28
Q

adiponectin

A

in charge of getting fat out to be burned

29
Q

atherosclerosis steps (6)

A
  1. chronic injury to endothelial wall
  2. cholesterol oxidation
  3. endothelial cells near damage recuite monocytes
  4. monocytes become macrophages and consume oxidized cholesterol–> now are called foam cells
  5. foam cells become plaque and arterial wall hardens and thickens (like a balloon)
  6. SMC from media move through the plaque and add to the fibrous cap on the inside of the endothelium

MCM: Cardio (4 decks)

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