Week 1: Bits, Bytes & Bygone Eras Flashcards
What is an ARM CPU?
Where are they mostly found?
It’s the most widely used CPU architecture.
They’re found in small devices like mobile phones and also the Rasberry Pi.
What’s the difference between binary and hexadecimal?
Binary is based on 0’s and 1’s to represent numbers and letters.
Hexadecimal is an abbreviation of binary and is used to represent 16 symbols: 0-9, A-F
What are the main computing paradigms?
BTPNEG
Batch mode processing (1950s) Time-sharing PC (1980s) Networking (1990s) Embedded systems (last 20 years) GPU Supercomputers (last decade)
What’s driving the evolution of computers?
Military, AI, large amounts of data, entertainment (gaming, GPUs)
What is Moore’s law?
Why does this not hold true for uniprocessors?
That every year computing power doubles.
This is because we keep adding more cores to CPUs, however this has begun to drop off for single core CPUs.
What is information for computers?
It’s the things we need to know so that we can analyse and convey them.
What is computer information made up of?
RMS
Representation: how to encode the info for the PC to use it
Manipulation: how we can transform data into other forms
Storage: where we can put the data
Binary Information
It consists of two states, on-ff or true-false.
This can determine whether we give a voltage or not.
Binary Numbers
How are they different to decimal numbers?
A number system which consists of 0s and 1s.
Unlike decimal which are base 10, binary numbers are base 2 (to the power of n where n is all real integers)
XOR Gate
The result is true if x or y is true, but not both.
It gives a result.
AND Gate
The result is true if x and y are both true.
This gives a carry.
OR Gate
The result is true if either x or y is true.
NAND Gate
A combination of an AND and NOT gate.
The result is true when both x and y are false.
NOT Gate
The result is inverted. Where 0 is a low, it will be turned into a high and 1 is a high, it will be turned into a low.
What do boolean operations output?
A singular bit
