Week 1 Biodiversity

Question 1

Ecology is the study of

Answer 1

Distribution and abundance of living organisms. Interactions between organisms and their environment.

Question 2

Ecosystem

Answer 2

Place where living organisms and physical surroundings form an environment different to all others. Exist and run on it’s own. Biotic + Abiotic factors together yay

Question 3

Biotic factors

Answer 3

producers
consumers
Decomposers
Competitors/Pathogen

Question 4

abiotic factors

Answer 4

temperature
rainfall
wind
light intensity
humidity
soil type
water
landform

pH of water or soil
salinity
amount of oxygen in water

Question 5

Biosphere

Answer 5

entire volume of earths surface where organisms can be found. Depths of ocean to highest plant communities

Question 6

Biome

Answer 6

makes up biosphere. Classified by major vegetation types. E.G tundra or tropical rainforest

Question 7

Community

Answer 7

set of interacting organisms within environment
group of populations
Multiple different species but organisms of a particular kind`

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

all the members of 1 species living together same place at same time. E.G all ash trees in a wood.

Question 9

Species

Answer 9

any group of individuals that share characterisics and can interbreed with each other and not with members of other species - reproductive isolation

Question 10

breeding

Answer 10

ability of two parents to produce fertile offspring

whether offspring of parents can reproduce when it reaches sexual maturity is fertility

Question 11

Producer/Autotroph

Answer 11

An organism that makes its own food. Source of food for communities.

Question 12

Photosynthesis to

Answer 12

convert carbon dioxide, water + energy for glucose.

Question 13

Consumer/Heterotroph

Answer 13

animals and fungi that need ready made sources of food.

need to eat for respiration and do so by eating primary producers or lower order.

Question 14

Interspecies

Answer 14

relationships between different species

Question 15

Intraspecies

Answer 15

relationships between same species

Question 16

Competition

Answer 16

2 organisms competing for same resources (food, mates, water, habitat) (buffalo and zebra)

Question 17

Predation

Answer 17

An interaction in which one organism kills another for food. (shark and seal)

Question 18

Mutualism

Answer 18

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit. (red panda and evergreen tree)

Question 19

parasitism

Answer 19

one organisms benefits from living off other. Doesn’t kill but harms host. (tick on dog)

Question 20

Commensalism

Answer 20

one benefits, other not harmed. Barnacles on a whale tail.

Question 21

Biodiversity

Answer 21

variety of species of living organisms in their natural environment.

Question 22

3 different levels of biodiversity

Answer 22

genetic diversity (molecular)
species diversity (population)
Ecosystem diversity

Question 23

organisms sharing similar physical characteristics

Answer 23

phenotypes

Question 24

Genotype

Answer 24

Genetic makeup of organism

Question 25

genetic diversity

Answer 25

variety of genes and forms of the genes that occur within a particular living place

Question 26

why do individuals within a species have slightly different forms of genes?

Answer 26

random mutations

Question 27

what do genetic variations change

Answer 27

genotype + phenotype in a population

Question 28

why is genetic variation necessary

Answer 28

so species can produce healthy and fertile offspring, resist diseases + change over time when adapting to changing environmental conditions - more likely to survive these changes

Question 29

natural selection

Answer 29

process where genes may be selected to continue in a population as conditions change

Question 30

genetic drift

Answer 30

variation in the frequency of genotypes (when individuals die or lost from pop)

Question 31

bottle neck effect

Answer 31

decrease in gene pool of population causing drastic reduce in population size

Question 32

Species diversity

Answer 32

number of individuals in population

number of species in given ecosystem

Question 33

Distribution of living organisms influenced by

Answer 33

abiotic factors

Question 34

species diversity is high in

Answer 34

tropical rainforests, places with favourable abiotic conditions unlike arctic

Question 35

ecosystem diversity

Answer 35

describes the variety of biological communities and associations with ecosystem they live in

Question 36

species richness

Answer 36

the number of different species in a community

Question 37

decomposers produce

Answer 37

CO2, water, nutrients and oxygen autotrophs need

Question 38

The limit of these requirements will cause a species to not survive in an ecosystem:

Answer 38

Abiotic factors
biotic factors
Impacts from human activity
changes in climate

Question 39

high degree of biodiversity =

Answer 39

more stability, have the ability to recover from distasters more easily, highly interconnected food webs